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Periodontics > Periodontal Tissues in Health > Flashcards

Periodontal Tissues in Health Flashcards

1
Q

What is the periodontium?

A

The supporting apparatus of the tooth

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2
Q

What are the 4 tissues which make up the periodontium?

A
  1. Gingiva
  2. Periodontal ligament
  3. Alveolar bone
  4. Cementum
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3
Q

What is the function of the interdental papilla?

A

Prevent food impaction

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4
Q

What are the 2 types of gingiva?

A
  1. Alveolar mucosa

2. Attached gingiva

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5
Q

Describe the attached gingiva

A

Keratinised gingival tissue attached tightly to underlying alveolar bone

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6
Q

Describe the 4 main clinical appearances of healthy gingiva

A
  1. Pink
  2. Stippled
  3. Knife edged margin
  4. Scalloped profile
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7
Q

Describe 2 overall functions of the gingiva

A
  1. Provide attachment between oral mucous membrane and dental hard tissues
  2. Protects underlying periodontal tissues from invasion by bacteria present in oral cavity
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8
Q

What are the 3 distinct types of the gingival epithelium?

A
  1. Junctional epithelium
  2. Sulcular epithelium
  3. Oral gingival epithelium
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9
Q

Which part of the gingival epithelium is free?

A

Oral gingival epithelium

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10
Q

What cells make up the junctional eptithelium?

A

Stratified non keratinised cells approximately 1mm in length

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11
Q

Describe 2 functions of junction epithelium

A
  1. Forms the attachment of the gingiva to the tooth surface

2. Defence role against bacterial invasion

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12
Q

Describe the cells which make up the sulcular epithelium

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinised epithelium

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13
Q

What is the approximate depth of sulcular epithelium?

A

0.5-2mm in depth

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14
Q

Describe the cells of the oral gingival epithelium

A

Stratified squamous keratinised epithelium

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15
Q

Name 5 components of the gingival connective tissue

A
  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Many blood vessels
  3. Nerve cells
  4. Collagen fibres bedded in extra cellular matrix
  5. GAGs, proteoglycans and glycoproteins
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16
Q

Describe the relationship between fibroblasts and periodontal connective tissues

A

Major cell types in periodontal connective tissue which secretes all components of extracellular matrix

17
Q

What are 5 types of collagen fibres in periodontal connective tissues?

A
  1. Circular fibres
  2. Dentogingival fibres
  3. Alveolar crestal fibres
  4. Dentoperiosteal fibres
  5. Transceptal fibres
18
Q

What is the periodontal ligament?

A

Fibrous attachment which inserts into the tooth and alveolar bone

19
Q

What types of joint is the periodontal ligament?

A

Gomphosis as it allows some movement but is not from bone to bone

20
Q

What are Sharpey’s fibres?

A

End of ligament fibres embedded into bone which are mineralised

21
Q

What is the primary function of the periodontal ligament?

A

Supportive role of tooth, protecting against resorption and remodelling role

22
Q

Describe 3 features of the alveolar bone proper

A
  • Thin lamella of bone surround root of tooth
  • Attachment to principle fibres of PDL
  • Perforated due to ingress of nerves and vessels
23
Q

What are 3 components of alveolar bone?

A
  1. Alveolar bone proper
  2. Cancellous bone
  3. Cortical plates
24
Q

What is the function of cancellous bone of alveolar bone?

A

Surrounds the alveolar bone proper and gives support to the socket

25
Q

Describe the cancellous bone of the alveolar bone

A

Spongy bone consisting of widely spaced concentric or transverse lamella enclosing marrow spaces

26
Q

Describe cortical plates of the alveolar bone

A

Facial and lingual plates of compact bone forming the outer and inner plates of alveolar bone

27
Q

What cells are responsible for resorption of alveolar bone?

A

Multi-nucleated osteoclasts residing in Howships lacunae

28
Q

What 2 cells are responsible for deposition of alveolar bone?

A
  1. Osteoblasts

2. Osteoprogenitor cells

29
Q

Give an overview of cementum

A
  • Calcified mesenchymal tissue covering entire root surface
  • Avascular and not innervated
  • Formed slowly throughout life
  • Thicker at apices
  • Resistant to resorption
30
Q

Name 2 types of cementum

A
  1. Acellular

2. Cellular

31
Q

Describe acellular cementum

A
  • Forms a thin layer often confined to cervical portions of the root
  • Doesn’t contain cementocytes but cementoblasts can be found on surface
32
Q

Describe cellular cementum

A
  • Contains cementocytes in lacunae

- Communicate with each other through network of canaliculi

33
Q

What is hypercementosis?

A

Increased deposition of cementum generally around the apical regions of the tooth

Periodontics (8 decks)

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