Periodontal Health and Gingival Disease

Question 1

What is the importance of \_\_\_\_\_\_? 
To find the common reference point 
for assessing disease and 
determining the meaningful 
treatment outcomes

Answer 1

Periodontal Health

Question 2

What is the component of the gingival epithelium that is keratinized?

Answer 2

Oral epithelium

Question 3

What is the component of the gingival epithelium that is Non-keratinized, no rete pegs,
semipermeable membrane

Answer 3

Sulcular epithelium

Question 4

What is the component of the gingival epithelium that is Non-keratinized, attached to
tooth with hemidesmosomes,
infiltrate by PMN?

Answer 4

Junctional epithelium

Question 5

The _______ presents a
diffuse, amorphous ground
substance and collagen fibers.

Answer 5

connective tissue

Question 6

_______ stand out clearly in
the papillary projections of the
connective tissue.

Answer 6

Blood vessels

Question 7

What are the 2 gingival components that make up the supracrestal tissue attachment/biologic width? How large is it?

Answer 7

JE and Connective tissue

~ 2mm

Question 8

What color should marg/attached gingiva be? Alveolar mucosa?

Answer 8

Coral Pink; Red

Question 9

Whta should the consistency of healthy gingiva be?

Answer 9

Firm and resilient

Question 10

What should the surface texture of the gingiva be?

Answer 10

Stippled on attached gingiva

Question 11

What should the contour of healthy gingiva be?

Answer 11

Scalloped and collar-like

Question 12

What should the shape of healthy gingiva in anterior and posterior?

Answer 12

Ant: Pyramidal
Post: Flattened

Question 13

Absence of clinically
detectable inflammation

There is a biological level of immune
surveillance that is consistent with clinical
gingival health and homeostasis

Answer 13

Periodontal health

Question 14

What are the 3 factors that determine periodontal health?

Answer 14

Microbiological Factors
Host Factors
Environmental Factors

Question 15

What are the 4 indicators of periodontal health?

Answer 15

BOP
Periodontal probing
Radiographic features
Tooth mobility

Question 16

What can the probing depths of a stable periodontitis patient be?

Answer 16

Greater than 4 mm without BOP or 4mm w/ BOP

Question 17

Which one of the following indicators
describes the clinical periodontal health?
A. Bleeding on probing is less than 10%
B. Probing depths are within 4 mm
C. Radiography shows 4 mm distance from the most coronal part
of the alveolar crest to CEJ
D. Tooth is mobile

Answer 17

A. Bleeding on probing is less than 10%

Question 18

• Bleeding when brushing
• Blood in saliva
• Gingival swelling and redness
• Halitosis
• Bleeding on gentle probing
• Increased gingival crevicular fluid
  production rate
• Change in gingival clinical features

Answer 18

Gingivitis

Question 19

Gingival recession is correlated to _____

Answer 19

Clinical attachment loss

Question 20

Narrow triangular-shaped
gingival recession
Cleft becomes broader when
progressing apically

Answer 20

Stillman’s clefts

Question 21

A rolled, thickened band of gingiva
Close to the mucogingival junction
Usually adjacent to the cuspid

Answer 21

McCall festoons

Question 22

An inflammatory response 
of gingiva resulting from 
plaque biofilm 
accumulation located and 
below the gingival margin

Answer 22

Gingivitis

Question 23

Under microscope
Dilation and engorgement of the capillaries
and thinning or ulceration of the sulcular
epithelium.
Vasculitis of blood vessels adjacent to the
junctional epithelium
Progressive destruction of the collagen fiber
network (collagen-poor)
Cytopathologic alterations of resident
fibroblasts (cell-rich)
Progressive infiammatory immune cellular
infiltrate (predominantly lymphocytic)

Answer 23

Gingivits

Question 24

____ Gingival Diseases
Genetic abnormalities
Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (Son of the Sevenless gene)
Specific infection
Bacteria (Necrotizing Periodontal Disease), Viral, Fungal
Inflammatory and immune conditions
Contact allergy, pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigoid, lichen planus
Neoplasms
Leukoplakia, erythroplakia, squamous cell carcinoma, leukemia, lymphoma
Endocrine, nutritional, metabolic disease
Scurvy (Vit C deficiency), toothbrushing trauma, etching, burning
Gingival pigmentation

Answer 24

Non-Plaque-Induced

Question 25

These inflammation indicators may manifest clinically in _____ as:
a. Swelling, seen as loss of knife-edged gingival
margin and blunting of papillae
b. Bleeding on gentle probing
c. Redness
d. Discomfort on gentle probing

Answer 25

gingivitis

Question 26

T/F: Radiographs can’t be used to diagnose gingivitis

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Based on available methods to assess gingival
inflammation, gingivitis case could be simply,
objectively and accurately identified and graded
using ______

Answer 27

Bleeding on Probing Score

BOP%

Question 28

If the BOP score is more than 30%, is it generalized or localized?

Answer 28

Generalized

Question 29

If the BOP score is less than 30% and more than 10%, is it generalized or localized?

Answer 29

Localized

Question 30

a peculiar 
condition characterized by intense 
erythema, desquamation and 
ulceration of the free and attached 
gingiva. 
a gingival 
response associated with a variety 
of conditions.

Answer 30

Desquamative Gingivitis

Question 31

______ is a clinical term
NOT a DIAGNOSIS
Need a series of laboratory result for final diagnosis and
corresponding treatment

Answer 31

Desquamative gingivitis

Question 32

• A immunologically-mediated mucocutaneous disorder
• T lymphocytes play a central role
• Prevalent in middle aged and older females
• Five subtypes:
• Reticular, erosive, patch, atrophic, bullous
• Oral lesion: more than gingiva is involved
• Gingival lesion: restricted in gingiva

Answer 32

Lichen planus

Question 33

• A cutaneous, immune-mediated, subepithelial disease
• Separation of the basement membrane zone
• Three conditions:
• Pemphigoid gestationis, bullous pemphigoid,
  mucous membrane pemphigoid

Answer 33

Pemphigoid

Question 34

• Pemphigus disease is a group of autoimmune disorders
• Produces cutaneous and mucous membrane blisters
• It is the most common of all.
• Lethal chronic condition (10% mortality rate)
• Predilection in women (after 4th decade of life)

Answer 34

Pemphigus vulgaris

Question 35

• An autoimmune disease with three clinical presentations:
• Systemic/Chronic cutaneous/Subacute cutaneous
• Cutaneous lesion
• Butterfly pattern
• Discoid lesion
• Scar and atrophy production
• Oral lesion: ulcerative or lichen Planus-like

Answer 35

Lupus erythematosus

Question 36

• Reactive acute vesiculobullous disease
• Mucocutaneous inflammatory disease
• Broad spectrum from self-limiting to severe progression
• Predominant in young individuals

Answer 36

Erythema multiforme

Question 37

• An inflammatory, destructive gingival condition
• Young adults, (HIV)‐infected individuals
• Characteristics of gingival lesion
• Punched‐out appearance
• Pseudomembrane
• May develop fever and malaise

Answer 37

Necrotizing stomatitis

Question 38

A: Nikolsky’s sign and linear deposits of IgG at basal membrane

Answer 38

Pemphigoid

Question 39

B: Nikolsky’s sign and intercellular deposits of IgG in epithelium

Answer 39

Pemphigoid vulgaris

Question 40

C: Wickham’s striae and saw tooth appearance of rite pegs

Answer 40

Lichen planus