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Perio 1 > Etiology > Flashcards

Etiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 major factors of periodontal pathogenesis?

A

Environmental factors
Host factors
Microbial factors

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2
Q 
The structurally and 
functionally organized,  
species-rich  
microbial biofilms  
that form on teeth
A

Dental plaque

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3
Q

What is the main etiology for periodontal disease and dental caries?

A

Dental plaque

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4
Q 
•White cheeselike 
accumulation 
•A soft accumulation of 
salivary proteins, 
bacteria, desquamated 
epithelial cells, and food 
debris 
•No organized structure 
•Easily displaced with a 
water spray
A

Materia Alba

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5
Q 
•Resilient clear to yellow-
grayish substance 
•Primarily composed of 
bacteria in a matrix of 
salivary glycoproteins 
and bacterial products 
•Considered to be a 
biofilm 
•Impossible to remove by 
rinsing or spraying
A

Dental plaque

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6
Q 
•Mineralized dental 
plaque forms the hard 
deposit 
•Generally covered by a 
layer of unmineralized 
dental plaque
A

Calculus

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7
Q

What accounts for 70% of plaque?

A

Water

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8
Q

What accounts for 70% of dry weight of plaque (30%)?

A

Microorgs

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9
Q

What accounts for 30% of dry weight of plaque (30%)?

A

INtracelluluar matrix

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10
Q 
Organic component
Dental Plaque
Polysaccharides 
Proteins 
Glycoproteins 
Lipids
Inorganic component
Calcium Phosphorous 
Other minerals 
Sodium 
Potassium 
Fluoride
A

Intracellular matrix

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11
Q

More than ___ distinct microbial species
can be identified with highly sensitive
molecular techniques

A

500

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12
Q

What is dental plaque?
A. It is a non organized structure with soft accumulation of salivary
proteins, bacteria, desquamated epithelial cells, and food debris.
B. It is the structurally and functionally organized, species‐rich
microbial biofilm that form on teeth.
C. It is the hard deposit on the teeth surface which can be formed
by the mineralization of the matrix of salivary glycoproteins and
bacterial products.
D. It is the ornamental tablet in commemoration of the contribution
of the dentistry.

A

B. It is the structurally and functionally organized, species‐rich
microbial biofilm that form on teeth.

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13
Q

______ plaque
Gram+ cocci and short rods
Aerobic environment
Slight diversity

A

Supragingival plaque

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14
Q

_____ plaque
Gram- rods and spirochete
Anaerobic environment
Great diversity

A

Subgingival plaque

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15
Q

What are the 3 steps of formation of dental plaque?

A
  1. Formation of Pellicle
  2. Initial colonization of bacteria
  3. Secondary colonization and plaque maturation
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16
Q

Adsorption of a conditioning film
- An organic material layer coated on all surfaces in
the oral cavity, including hard and soft tissues.
- Components derived from saliva and crevicular
fluid.
- Gram+ facultative microorganisms are involved

Initial stage of the development of the plaque

A

•Acquired pellicle:

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17
Q

What are the 5 bacterial species seen as primary colonizers?

A
  • Streptococcus spp.
  • Hemophilus spp.
  • Neisseria spp.
  • Actinomyces spp.
  • Veillonella spp.
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18
Q

What are the 4 bacterial species seen as Secondary colonizers?

A
  • Prevotella intermidia.
  • Capnocytophaga spp.
  • Fusobacterium nucleatum
  • Porphyromonas gingivalis
19
Q
  • Secondary colonizers adhere to the bacteria that
    are already in the plaque mass
  • A significant feature can be seen by naked eye
A

Coaggregation

20
Q 
- Through further colonization and growth of 
additional species 
- Quorum sensing: cell-cell signaling 
- Environment modification 
- metabolic interaction
A

Maturation

21
Q

__________ results in bacterial resistance

A

Quorum sensing

22
Q

Quorum sensing results in _______

A

bacterial resistance

23
Q
  • Direct relationship between the total amount of plaque and the amplitude of the pathogenic effect
  • Concept inherited: Control of periodontal disease depends on control of plaque accumulation
  • Standard of care: oral hygiene measures, non-surgical/ surgical debridement
  • All plaque are not equally pathogenic
    • Not all Gingivitis develop into destructive periodontitis
    • Site specificity in the pattern of disease was demonstrated in some individuals with periodontitis
A

Non-specific plaque hypothesis

24
Q 
- The pathogenicity depends on 
the presence of or increase in 
specific microorganisms 
- A. Actinomicetemcomitans 
in localized aggresive 
periodontitis 
- Targeted treatment strategies 
aim to control or eliminate the 
particular pathogenic 
organisms
A

Specific plaque hypothesis

25
Q 
- Both the total amount of dental 
plaque and the specific 
microbial composition of plaque 
may contribute 
- Microbial homeostasis: the state 
of the dynamic equilibrium
A

Ecologic plaque hypothesis

26
Q

What are the 3 pathogenic bacteria that play a large role in periodontal disease?

A

P. gingivalis
B. forsthus (T. forthysia)
T. denticola

27
Q 
Criteria for Identification of Periodontopathogens
•Be routinely isolated from 
diseased individuals 
•Be grown in pure culture in lab 
•Produce a similar disease 
when inoculated into 
susceptible lab animals 
•Be recovered from lesions in a 
diseases lab animal
A

Kochs Postulates

28
Q 
Criteria for Identification of Periodontopathogens
•Be associated with disease 
•Be eliminated or decreased in 
sites that demonstrate clinical 
resolution 
•Demonstrate a alteration in 
host cellular or immune 
response 
•Be capable of causing disease 
in experimental models 
•Demonstrate virulence factors
A

Socransky’s criteria

29
Q

_____ bacteria
Association
-Increased in localized aggressive periodontitis
lesions. Some in chronic periodontitis
lesions.
Elimination
- Suppressed or eliminated in successful
therapy, can be found in recurrent lesions
Host response
-Increased serum and local antibody levels
Animal studies
-Capable of inducing disease in gnotobiotic
rats
Virulence factors
-Host tissue cell adherence and invasion,
leukotoxin, protease, collagenase,
epitheliotoxin, FIF, bone resorption inducing
factors

A

AA: A. Actinomycetemcomitans

30
Q

______ bateria
Association
-Increased in periodontitis lesions, found
associated with the crevicular epithelium
Elimination
-Suppressed or eliminated in successful
therapy, can be found in recurrent lesions
Host response
-Increased systemic and local antibody levels
Animal studies
-Important in experimental mixed infections
Virulence factors
-Host tissue cell adherence and invasion,
trypsin-like enzyme, collagenase, fibrinolysis,
phospholipase A, endotoxin, gingipains,
factors that affect PMN function

A

Pg: P. gingivalis

31
Q

(virulence factors)

• Bacterial products that promote tissue destruction:
lipopolysaccharides(LPS), leukotoxin, gingipains,
collagenase, protease

A

Toxins and enzymes

32
Q

(virulence factors)

• Factors that promote
colonization: fimbria,
gingipains

A

Adhesins

33
Q

(virulence factors)

  • The production of an extracellular capsule
  • Proteolytic degradation of host immunity components: gingipains
  • Modulate host response: bind serum components on bacterial cell surface
  • Invasion of gingival epithelial cells: lipopolysaccharides(LPS)
A

Evading mechanisms

34
Q 
Bacteria of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Actinomyces spp. 
Capnocytophaga spp. 
Campylobacter spp. 
Streptococcus spp. 
Parvimonas micra 
Fusobacterium nucleatum 
Prevotella intermedia 
Treponema spp.
A

Gingivitis

35
Q 
Bacteria of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_:
Specific Bacteria in Disease
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Type b) 
Porphyromonas gingivalis 
Prevotella intermedia 
Parvimonas micra 
Fusobacterium nucleatum 
Tannerella forsythia 
Treponema denticola 
Spirochetes
A

Periodontitis

36
Q 
Bacteria of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: 
Fusobacterium nucleatum 
Prevotella intermedia 
Treponema spp. 
Spirochetes
A

Necrotizing Periodontal DIsease

37
Q

Bacteria Associated with ______ and _______

Prevotella intermedia
Capnocytophaga spp.

A

Pregnancy and Puberty

38
Q 
Bacteria in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_: 
Fusobacterium nucleatum 
Parvimonas micra 
Prevotella intermedia 
Porphyromonas gingivalis 
Spirochetes
A

Abscess of the Periodontium

39
Q 
Do the following characteristics describe healthy or disease state bacteria?
Gram +ve 
Cocci 
Nonmotile 
Facultative anaerobes 
Fermenting
A

Health

40
Q

Do the following characteristics describe healthy or disease state bacteria?

Gram -ve 
Rod 
Motile 
Obligate anaerobes 
Proteolytic
A

Disease

41
Q

Which one is correct for the specific bacteria
observed in correlated periodontal disease?
A. In diseased sites, more gram positive, nonmotile cocci are
observed
B. In healthy sites, more orange and red complex bacteria are
observed
C. A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis are highly related to
periodontitis
D. Capnocytophaga spp. is usually found in periodontal abscess

A

C. A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis are highly related to
periodontitis

42
Q 
P. gingivalis is known as a notorious 
periodontal pathogen. Which complex of 
color does it belong to? 
A. Yellow complex 
B. Green complex 
C. Orange complex 
D.  Red complex
A

D. Red complex

43
Q

Periodontal pathogens are _______ but not readily ________

A

communicable; transmissible

Perio 1 (12 decks)

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