Periodontal Diseases in Children and Adolescents

Question 1

what is another term for dental biofilm induced gingivitis?

Answer 1

plaque induced gingivitis

Question 2

Describe dental biofilm induced gingivitis ?

Answer 2

• false pocket depth
• 5mm deep
• no bone loss
• no attachment loss
• inflammation
• normal sulcus depth 2mm

Question 3

What are the 3 sub categories of dental biofilm gingivitis?

Answer 3

• associated with dental biofilm alone
• mediated by systemic or local risk factors
• drug influenced gingival enlargement

Question 4

Give eg of local contributing factors of gingivitis

Answer 4

• lack of saliva
• tooth anatomic factors
• restorations/ appliances

Question 5

what are some local risk factors of gingivitis

Answer 5

• high frenal attachments
• fixed ortho appliance
• incompetent lips, mouth breather, lack of saliva
• amelogenesis imperfecta - calculus

Question 6

Give eg of systemic risk factors (modifying factors)

Answer 6

• smoking
• metabolic factors (hyperglycaemia)
• nutritional (vit c)
• pharma logical
• sex hormones (puberty, pregnancy)
• haematological conditions

Question 7

what are the effects of pregnancy associated gingivitis ?

Answer 7

• effects of plaque on gingiva exacerbated by progesterone
• seen worst at second and third trimester
• usually resolves after pregnancy

Question 8

what drugs can cause gingival enlargement ?

Answer 8

• phenytoin (epilepsy)
• ciclosporin (immunosuppressant for prevention of organ rejection after transplant)
• ca channel blockers eg. amlodipine, nifedipine, diltiazem for heart problems (high BP, angina prophylaxis)

Question 9

what are the sub categories of non dental biofilm induced gingivitis?

Answer 9

• genetic/ developmental disorders (eg. hereditary gingival fibromatosis)
• specific infections: bacterial. viral and fungal ( herpetic gingivostamotosis, herpes simplex 1, varicella zoster loads more in perio at glance)
• inflammatory and immune conditions (eg. erosive lichen planus, erythema multiforme, systemic lupus erythematous)
• neoplasm
• endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases
• traumatic (eg. finger nail biting, cocaine induced necrosis
• gingivitis pigmentation (amalgam tattoo)

Question 10

what is incipient chronic periodontitis in teenagers ?

Answer 10

• development of perio in early years
• this term isn’t used in current classification
• common in indo pakistanis

Question 11

what is molar incisor pattern?

Answer 11

• bone loss in molar and incisor regions

Question 12

what can ‘systemic diseases or conditions affecting the periodontal supporting tissues’ be further subdivided into?

Answer 12

Question 13

what are some systemic disorders that have major impact on loss of perio tissue by influencing perio inflammation ?

Answer 13

Question 14

describe the perio in ppl who have down syndrome

Answer 14

Question 15

describe the perio in papillon lefevre syndrome?

Answer 15

Question 16

describe the period in pts with neutropenia ?

Answer 16

• red tissues

Question 17

what are some more systemic disorders that have major impact on loss of perio tissue by influencing perio inflammation ?

Answer 17

Question 18

what is hypophosphatasia ?

Answer 18

Question 19

what is Ehlers banjos syndrome?

Answer 19

Question 20

what is necrotising perio disease? what does it look like? what antibiotics are given? who gets it usually ?

Answer 20

Question 21

recession

Answer 21

• plaque accumulation and recession
• potential to progression
• sensitivity
• root caries

Question 22

what is the simplified BPE?

Answer 22

• we focus on the index teeth

Question 23

summary period therapy

Answer 23

Question 24

simplified BPE - who and when?

Answer 24

Question 25

BPE and BSPD guidelines

Answer 25

Question 26

management of BPE codes

Answer 26

Question 27

when do we treat or refer ?

Answer 27

Question 28

specialist considerations

Answer 28