Dental abnormalities Flashcards
what happens when there’s an interruption in the developmental stage of a tooth
effects the tooth
- this can be due to genetic and or environmental factors
list the different stages of tooth development
- initiation
- proliferation
- histodifferentiation
- morphodifferentiation
- apposition
- calcification
- eruption
what happens if the laying down of matrix is interrupted?
enamel has missing sections or the calcification or maturation of the structure is interrupted = leads to a qualitative defect
in primary dentition when doe the incisor initial calcification in utero begin ?
3-4 months in utero
in primary dentition, when does the crown become completed ?
4 months after birth
in primary dentition, when doe the eruption of the lower incisors occur?
6 months of age
in primary dentition when does root completion occur?
18 months after eruption
in permanent dentition when do the first perm molars start to develop?
4 months in utero and calcifies at birth
in permanent dentition, when do the central incisors and lower lateral develop?
3-4 months of age
in permanent dentition, when do the upper laterals develop ?
10-12 months of age
summary calcification at birth
what are the 3 different types of classification anomalies ?
developmental
acquired
descriptive
what is a developmental anomaly?
- might have arisen from predetermined force eg. genetics, may have coded difference in their genes which ensure that th product of the coding was different from the norm which is either by mutation (denovo) of gene or gene passed form parent to child (more predictable)
what is an acquired anomaly ?
- influenced by environmental factors eg. trauma infection or chemicals
- tooth development is affected intrinsically by environmental factor interrupting genesis of the tooth (not extrinscly like caries)
what is a descriptive anomaly?
structure (layer)
number (more or fewer teeth)
size and shape (conical or tubucular)
eruption and exfoliation
colour ie staining
list the different type software enamel defects ?
hypoplastic or hypomineralised ?
what is amelegoensis imperfecta?
*family history
what is witkop’s classification?
used to classify ameleogenesis imperfecta
what is type 1 ?
hypoplastic
- pitting of enamel
- discolouration may be due to plaque
what is type 2 ?
hypomaturation
- snow capped appearance
- can be sensitive
- hard to restore
- some aesthetic concerns
what is type 3 ?
hypo calcified
- aesthetic concerns
- can be concerned
- brittle
- difficult to treat
what is type 4 5 ?
hypomature-hypoplastic + taurodontism
- elongated pulp chamber
what is dentinogenesis imperfecta?
*osteogeneis imperfecta
what does dentinogeneis imperfecta look like ?
- short roots
- cervical constriction
- grey blue opalescent
- ADJ rlly disordered so prone to chipping
what are the 3 main types of osteogenesis imperfecta ?
what is the management of OI?
refer immediately
what is dentine dysplasia ?
type 1 - sharp roots
what is MIH?
hyperdontia (additional teeth) facts and figures
$= supernumerary
what does mesiodens mean ?
teeth found in midline commonly in upper incisors
what does paramolar mean?
besides molars
what does distomolars ?
teeth behind last standing tooth
what is a supplement tooth ?
what is a conical tooth ?
what is a tubercular tooth ?
what are odontomes?
how do we treat extra teeth?
what are some of the associated syndromes with extra teeth?
- genetic condition, supernumerary teeth which leads to pseudo hypodontia as teeth are failing to erupt, absent collarbones
- umbrella term for changes to oral cavity facial features and digits
- autosomal dominant, leads to familial adenopolyps put them at higher risk of cancer
which teeth are more common to be missing pts with hypodontia ?
8’s, lower 5s, upper 2s, upper 5s, lower 1s
what does anodontia mean?
no teeth have grown or developed
what is oligodontia ?
6 or more teeth are missing
what is the prevalence of hypodontia ?
- ask pt if it runs in family
what is a condition associated with oligodontia ?
ectodermal dysplasia
- can do composite buildups
what is ectodermal dysplasia ?
what is double teeth ?
- can either be with the tooth fuses with the adjacent tooth germ
- germination is where you have an attempt of that single tooth bud to divide into two parts and the partial division is halted before the development is completed
what is concrescence ?
fusion of the cementum
how do we treat macrodontia ?
refer
what are the conditions that are associated with microdontia?
hypodontia
Down syndrome
what is dens invaginatus ?
classification of dens invaginatus ?
ohlers
tx planning for dens invaginatus ?
- prevention is better than cure
- fissure seal deep palatel pits - EARLY!
what are the issues with a talon cusp ?
issues with :
- aesthetics
- occlusion
- caries
what is the tx for talon cusp ?
selective grinding additional cusp- risk of plural exposure
removal and elective pulpotomy
give eg of some environmental insults
radiotherapies and chemotherapies which interfere organogenesis and leads to stunted roots
give eg of some root anomalies ?
dilacerations = crown of developing root has been displaced an dits root continues to grow in original direction
additional roots
taurodontism = elongated pulp
what are the anomalies of eruption ?
- premature eruption
- delayed eruption
- premature exfoliation
- delayed exfoliation
what can premature eruption be associated with?
- turner syndrome
- high birth weight
- pernicious puberty
- endocrine abnormailtoes like hypothyroidism or diabetes
what is delayed eruption associated with?
- AI
- $
- arch or skeletal deficiencies, gingival fibromatosis or premature loss of primary tooth
what is a Neo natal tooth ?
Appears within 30 days of birth
midline most common
1 in 2000
tend to be lower incisors
can be mobile, immature and shallow
affects breast feeding
what are the causes of delayed eruption?
where do we see premature exfoliation ?
papillon fevere or hyperphosphotasia asociated
aetiology of premature exfoliation ?
what is infra occlusion
delay loss of teeth and position of teeth lower than rester of occlusal table
prevalence of premature exfoliation
which teeth are usually affected with premature exfoliation ?
what is the cause of premature exfoliation ?
what is the classification of premature exfoliation ?
how do we treat premature exfoliation ?
