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plaque related diseases > periodontal disease aetiology > Flashcards

periodontal disease aetiology Flashcards

1
Q

what is the term that describes how the disease develops?

A

Pathogenesis

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2
Q

In many mouths and many sites of the mouth the long term presence of biofilm results in?

A

gingivitis

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3
Q

This interaction can be modified by a variety of complex factors collectively called?

A

risk factors

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4
Q

Primary aetiological factor is?

A

plaque

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5
Q

what can alter the host responses?

A

systemic factors
local factors

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6
Q

How Do Bacteria Cause Disease?

A

the quantity and the quality of bacteria that have colonised the periodontal pocket can contribute to disease

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7
Q

what are non specific host defence factors?

A

polymorphs and macrophages

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8
Q

what bacteria is mainly present in gingivitis?

A

Mainly Gram +ve cocci

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9
Q

after 7 days of no brushing with gingivitis what other bacteria become present?

A

Gram +ve rods & Gram-ve cocci & rods

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10
Q

what are clinical signs of gingivitis?

A

erythema (redness of tissues)
oedema (swollen tissue)
Bleeding on probing
Loss of stippling due to oedema

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11
Q

sub gingival plaque Loosely adherent deposit within the pocket epithelium contains mainly what organisms?

A

Gram-ve

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12
Q

how many types microorganisms have been recognised in the microflora?

A

Over 700

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13
Q

how many types of species have been found in the periodontal pocket?

A

400

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14
Q

What bacteria is associated with purple?

A

G+ve rods and cocci

Actinomyces

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15
Q

What bacteria is associated with yellow

A

Gram+ive facultative cocci

Streptococcus species

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16
Q

What bacteria is associated with
green?

A

G+ve and G-ve rods/cocci - non-motile

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans - AA

17
Q

What bacteria is associated with
orange?

A

G+ve and G-ve rods/cocci - some motility

Streptococcus

18
Q

What bacteria is associated with red?

A

G-ve anaerobic motile

Porphyromonas gingivalis

19
Q

Subgingival scaling only successful if?

A

plaque free environment for repair to occur

20
Q

what does Neuraminidase
do?

A

increases the bulk of plaque

21
Q

what does Hyaluronidase do?

A

Causes ulceration of epithelium and breakdown hylaronic acid

22
Q

what does Chondroitin Sulphatase
breakdown?

A

ground substance

23
Q

what does Beta-glucoronidase
breakdown?

A

ground substannce

24
Q

what does Collagenase
do?

A

destroys collagen

25
Q

what are the endotoxins?

A

Mucopeptides
Lipopolysaccharides

26
Q

mucopeptides are released from what bacteria on cell death?

A

Released from Gram+ve bacteria on cell death

Less harmful to tissues

27
Q

Lipopolysaccharides are released from what bacteria on cell death?

A

Released from Gram-ve bacteria on cell death

Attaches to cementum in diseased pocket

28
Q

contents of periodontal pockets?

A

Plaque - Enzymes
- Endotoxins
Calculus
Crevicular fluid
Necrotic cementum
Leukocytes
Erythrocytes
Desquamated epithelial cells

29
Q

what are specific host defence factors?

A

B&T lymphocytes

30
Q

What causes gingivitis

A

Quantity of bacteria

31
Q

What causes periodontitis?

A

Quality of bacteria because of the enzymes and endotoxins

32
Q

List the colours in order of bacteria

A

Purple
Yellow
Green
Orange
Red

33
Q

What are secondary factors that can cause periodontal disease?

A

Smoking
Obesity
Pregnancy

34
Q

What are 2 drugs that can cause systemic periodontitis?

A

Phenytoin
Nifedipine

35
Q

What are local modifying factors that can cause periodontal destruction?

A

Lip apart posture
Mouth breathing
High frenal insertion

plaque related diseases (15 decks)

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