periodontal disease aetiology

Question 1

what is the term that describes how the disease develops?

Answer 1

Pathogenesis

Question 2

In many mouths and many sites of the mouth the long term presence of biofilm results in?

Answer 2

gingivitis

Question 3

This interaction can be modified by a variety of complex factors collectively called?

Answer 3

risk factors

Question 4

Primary aetiological factor is?

Answer 4

plaque

Question 5

what can alter the host responses?

Answer 5

systemic factors
local factors

Question 6

How Do Bacteria Cause Disease?

Answer 6

the quantity and the quality of bacteria that have colonised the periodontal pocket can contribute to disease

Question 7

what are non specific host defence factors?

Answer 7

polymorphs and macrophages

Question 8

what bacteria is mainly present in gingivitis?

Answer 8

Mainly Gram +ve cocci

Question 9

after 7 days of no brushing with gingivitis what other bacteria become present?

Answer 9

Gram +ve rods & Gram-ve cocci & rods

Question 10

what are clinical signs of gingivitis?

Answer 10

erythema (redness of tissues)
oedema (swollen tissue)
Bleeding on probing
Loss of stippling due to oedema

Question 11

sub gingival plaque Loosely adherent deposit within the pocket epithelium contains mainly what organisms?

Answer 11

Gram-ve

Question 12

how many types microorganisms have been recognised in the microflora?

Answer 12

Over 700

Question 13

how many types of species have been found in the periodontal pocket?

Answer 13

400

Question 14

What bacteria is associated with purple?

Answer 14

G+ve rods and cocci

Actinomyces

Question 15

What bacteria is associated with yellow

Answer 15

Gram+ive facultative cocci

Streptococcus species

Question 16

What bacteria is associated with
green?

Answer 16

G+ve and G-ve rods/cocci - non-motile

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans - AA

Question 17

What bacteria is associated with
orange?

Answer 17

G+ve and G-ve rods/cocci - some motility

Streptococcus

Question 18

What bacteria is associated with red?

Answer 18

G-ve anaerobic motile

Porphyromonas gingivalis

Question 19

Subgingival scaling only successful if?

Answer 19

plaque free environment for repair to occur

Question 20

what does Neuraminidase
do?

Answer 20

increases the bulk of plaque

Question 21

what does Hyaluronidase do?

Answer 21

Causes ulceration of epithelium and breakdown hylaronic acid

Question 22

what does Chondroitin Sulphatase
breakdown?

Answer 22

ground substance

Question 23

what does Beta-glucoronidase
breakdown?

Answer 23

ground substannce

Question 24

what does Collagenase
do?

Answer 24

destroys collagen

Question 25

what are the endotoxins?

Answer 25

Mucopeptides Lipopolysaccharides

Question 26

mucopeptides are released from what bacteria on cell death?

Answer 26

Released from Gram+ve bacteria on cell death Less harmful to tissues

Question 27

Lipopolysaccharides are released from what bacteria on cell death?

Answer 27

Released from Gram-ve bacteria on cell death Attaches to cementum in diseased pocket

Question 28

contents of periodontal pockets?

Answer 28

Plaque - Enzymes - Endotoxins Calculus Crevicular fluid Necrotic cementum Leukocytes Erythrocytes Desquamated epithelial cells

Question 29

what are specific host defence factors?

Answer 29

B&T lymphocytes

Question 30

What causes gingivitis

Answer 30

Quantity of bacteria

Question 31

What causes periodontitis?

Answer 31

Quality of bacteria because of the enzymes and endotoxins

Question 32

List the colours in order of bacteria

Answer 32

Purple Yellow Green Orange Red

Question 33

What are secondary factors that can cause periodontal disease?

Answer 33

Smoking Obesity Pregnancy

Question 34

What are 2 drugs that can cause systemic periodontitis?

Answer 34

Phenytoin Nifedipine

Question 35

What are local modifying factors that can cause periodontal destruction?

Answer 35

Lip apart posture Mouth breathing High frenal insertion