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Periodontal Disease > Periodontal Anatomy - part 1 > Flashcards

Periodontal Anatomy - part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What four structures make up the perodontium?

A
  1. Gingiva
  2. Periodontal ligament
  3. Root cementum
  4. Alveolar bone
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2
Q

What two process make up the alveolar bone?

A
  1. alveolar bone proper (ABP) - also called “bundle bone”

2. alveolar process

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3
Q

What are the two functions of the periodontium?

A
  1. attach the tooth to bony tissue of the jaw

2. maintain integrity of masticatory mucosa

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4
Q

T/F. Development of the periodontal tissue occurs after the development and formation of teeth.

A

False, periodontal tissues develop DURING the development and formation of teeth.

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5
Q

Periodontal development starts early in the ___ phase when cells from the ___ ___ (neural tube) migrate into the ___ branchial arch.

A

embryonic; neural crest; first

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6
Q

Neural crest cells form a band of ___ beneath the ___ epithelium. The epi releases factor which initiates ___-___ interactions.

A

ectomesenchyme; stomadeal; epithelial-ectomesenchymal

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7
Q

Following the formation of the dental lamina, what series of processes are initiated which result in the formation of a tooth and its surrounding periodontal tissues, including the alveolar bone proper?

A

bud stage
cap stage
bell stage with root development

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8
Q

During the cap stage, condensation of ectomesenchymal cells condense around the ___ ___ to form the ___ ___, which gives rise to the dentin and pulp and ___ ___, that forms the periodontium.

A

dental organ; dental papilla; dental follicle

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9
Q

What determines the shape and the form of the tooth?

A

dental papilla

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10
Q

What tooth structure forms first?

A

crown

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11
Q

Outer and inner enamel epithelium cells proliferate apically forming a double layer of cells named ___ ___ ___ ___.

A

Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath

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12
Q

which cells form dentin?

A

odontoblast

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13
Q

Inner cells of the root sheath secrete what type of protein?

A

enamel related proteins (amelogenins)

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14
Q

Following the secretion of amelogenins, the root sheath ___ and ectomesenchymal cells of the ___ ___ penetrate through to contact the root surface.

A

fenestrates; dental follicle

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15
Q

What induces ectomesenchymal cells of the dental follicle to differentiation into cementoblast?

A

amelogenin

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16
Q

T/F. As the cementoid forms, fibers of the cementoid intermingle with immature dentinal fibers.

A

True.

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17
Q

The ___ ___ is formed by ___ that are differentiated from dental follicle lateral to the cementum.

A

periodontal ligament; fibroblasts

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18
Q

___ differentiate from dental follicle ectomesenchymal cells (alveolar bone proper).

A

osteoblasts

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19
Q

T/F. Ectomesenchymal cells do not remain in mature periodontium and therefore do not participate in the turnover of this tissue.

A

False, they DO remain and participate in the turnover of this tissue.

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20
Q

The gingiva is part of the ___ mucosa which covers the ___ ___ and surrounds the ___ of the teeth.

A

masticatory; alveolar process; cervical

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21
Q

what are the three parts of the gingiva?

A
  1. free gingiva
  2. attached gingiva
  3. interdental papilla
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22
Q

what are three names for the free gingiva?

A
  1. gingival sulcus
  2. marginal gingiva
  3. sulcus depth
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23
Q

The free gingiva extends from the free gingival ___ to the free gingival ___.

A

margin; groove

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24
Q

T/F. The free gingiva is made up of non-keratinized epithelium.

A

False, it is made up of KERATINIZED epithelium

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25
Q

The free gingival margin is the ___ end of the gingiva and is located ___-___mm coronal to the CEJ.

A

coronal; 1.5-2mm

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26
Q

The free gingival groove is the junction between the free and ___ gingiva. It corresponds to the ___ but may only be found in ___-___% of adults.

A

attached; CEJ; 30-40%

27
Q

Which part of the gingival epithelium faces the oral cavity?

A

the oral epithelium

28
Q

Which part of the gingva faces the tooth surface without contacting it?

A

oral sulcular epithelium

29
Q

The ___ epithelium provides the contact between the gingiva and the tooth.

A

junctional

30
Q

The free (marginal) gingiva is limited macroscopically by which structures? microscopically?

A

Macro - extends from Free Gingival Margin to Free Gingival Groove
Micro - extends from Free Gingival Margin to Junctional Epithelium

31
Q

Why do we care about the microscopic and macroscopic landmarks of the free (marginal) gingiva?

A

Because these landmarks change from health to disease and determine the accuracy of probe readings.

32
Q

The attached gingiva has a ___ texture, is ___ pink and ___.

A

firm; coral; immobile

33
Q

T/F. The width of the attached gingiva decreases with age.

A

False, it INCREASES with age due to passive eruption.

34
Q

The attached gingiva is widest in ___ and narrowest in ___ on the buccal side of the maxilla.

A

incisors; premolars

35
Q

The mandibular lingual width of the attached gingiva is narrowest in ___ and widests in ___.

A

incisors; molars

36
Q

Define stippling.

A

Small depressions on the attached gingiva found in 40% of adults and is seen as a sign of health.

37
Q

The ___ junction is the junction between attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa.

A

mucogingival

38
Q

T/F. The mucogingival junction is found on the palate.

A

False, it is NOT found on the palate.

39
Q

Attached and marginal gingiva are ___ (keratinized/non-keratinized).

A

keratinized

40
Q

The significance for attached gingiva is that it supports ___ gingiva and is the base for movable elements (lips, cheek and tongue). It can withstand ___ and functional stresses because of its thick ___ ___ layer that is firmly bound to the ___ and bone.

A

marginal; frictional; CT; periosteum

41
Q

T/F. Attached gingiva serves as a passage of inflammation.

A

True.

42
Q

If your patient has great oral hygiene, should the thickness of the attached gingiva matter?

A

no

43
Q

If your patient has less than optimal oral hygiene, what should you consider?

A

the width (height) and thickness of the attached gingiva. Both matter to prevent inflammation.

44
Q

What three things does the shape of the interdental papilla depend on?

A
  1. the contact relationships between adjacent teeth
  2. the width of approximal tooth surfaces
  3. the course of CEJ
45
Q

What is the col?

A

the concavity seen in contact areas of premolar / molar region

46
Q

What type of epithelium is found in the col? What is this similar too?

A

non-keratinized epithelium. This is similar to junctional epithelium

47
Q

What happens to non-keratinized tissue if you extract a tooth or have an open contact?

A

it’ll keratinize. Keratinized tissue resists infections better than nonkeratinized tissue

48
Q

The oral epithelium is a ___ (keratinized/non-keratinized), ___ (simple/stratified), ___ (squamous/columnar) epithelium that contains keratin-producing cells known as ___.

A

keratinized; stratified; squamous; keratinocytes

49
Q

What are the four layers of the oral epithelium?

A
  1. basal layer (stratum basale or germinativum)
  2. prickle cell layer (stratum spinosum)
  3. granular cell layer (stratum granulosum)
  4. keratinized cell layer (stratum corneum)
50
Q

T/F. Cell nuclei are lacking in the outer cell layers of the oral epithelium.

A

True, this epithelium is called orthokeratinized.

51
Q

What term is used if the cells of the stratum corneum contain remnants of the nuclei?

A

parakeratinized

52
Q

From the basal layer to the granular layer both the number of ___ in the cytoplasm and the number of ___ increase. What decreases in number?

A

tonofilaments; desmosomes

organelles decrease

53
Q

___ make up 90% of the cells of the oral epithelium. Clear cells include ___(synthesize melanin pigment), ___ cells (defense cells), and ___ cells (sensory).

A

Keratinocytes; Melanocytes; Langerhans; Merkel’s

54
Q

Where are basal cells found?

A

present between the basal layer of the oral epithelium and CT.

55
Q

T/F. The basement membrane is 1-2um wide, rich in glycoproteins and contains protein-polysaccharide complexes.

A

True.

56
Q

What are the two layers of the basement membrane that can be seen on electron microscope?

A

lamina lucida and lamina densa

57
Q

Which layer of the basement membrane is adjacent to basal cells? Which layer is adjacent to connective tissue?

A

lamina lucida - basal cells

lamina densa - CT

58
Q

Anchoring fibers project from the lamina ___ into connective tissue.

A

densa

59
Q

What are the dense plaques that attached epithelium to the basement membrane called?

A

hemidesmosomes

60
Q

A pair of hemidesmosomes is known as ___.

A

desmosomes

61
Q

The surface of the epithelium that faces the connective tissue has several depressions from the connective tissue ___. The epithelial ridges or ___ ___ intervene.

A

papillae; rete pegs

62
Q

What happens when the rete pegs fuse?

A

stippling

63
Q

What is missing from the JE sites, papillae or rete pegs?

A

rete pegs

Periodontal Disease (11 decks)

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