2: Radiographic Examination Flashcards
What radiological feature is the reference to determine bone loss?
CEJ
T/F. Radiographs are diagnositic of periodontal disease.
False, they are not. they are used to correlate with clinical attachment level (CAL)
How is bone loss percentage determined?
bone loss % = CEJ-Crest - 2mm / CEJ-Apex - 2mm
The ___ of the beam can affect reading of bone levels.
angulation
Mild bone loss is ≤ ___%. Moderate bone loss is ___% to ___%. Severe bone loss is ≥ ___%.
20; 21; 49; 50
The height of the crest lies at a level approximately ___mm below the level of the ___ of adjacent teeth.
2l; CEJs
What does normal crest follow?
the CEJ
T/F. Inflammation does not destroy crestal bone.
False, it does
What is the integrity of the crestal lamina dura not related to if evaluated on either PA or bite-wing radiographs?
- presence or absence of visual inflammation
- BOP
- periodontal pocketing
- loss of connective tissue attachment in the corresponding interdental area.
Is it appropriate to use the integrity of crestal lamina dura as an indicator for the need of periodontal treatment?
No
Which is parallel to the CEJ, angular (vertical) bone loss or Horizontal bone loss?
Angular (vertical) bone loss is diagnoal NOT parallel to the CEJ
Horizontal bone loss is parallel to the CEJ
T/F. Osseous defects may be noted by the number (1-3) of remaining walls. This may or may not be seen on radiographs.
True.
Describe a hemiseptal defect.
a vertical defect in the presence of adjacent roots; thus half of the septum remains on one tooth, AKA one-walled defect
What is a cup- or bowl-shaped defect in the interalveolar bone?
crater
Osseous ___ are found on the buccal and lingual walls forming a ___-walled defect.
craters; two
What is a shallow crater an indicator for?
osseous surgery
T/F. Craters show-up on perioapical film but they might not be seen on BW.
True
What is an intrabony resorptive lesion involving one or more surfaces of supporting bone?
moat-like defect
How does pathologic resorption of bone within a furcation show up radiographically ?
as radiolucency (furcation radiolucency)
this may be seen on BW or PA
Furcation involvement can be detected by ___-___ point on X-ray film.
gutta-percha
If a patient complains of pain from an endo treated tooth, what may be the problem?
root fracture
What is the space between the tooth root and alveolar bone containing the periodontal ligament?
PDL space
The PDL appears as the PDL space of ___mm to ___mm on radiographs. It tends to be ___ at the apex and ___ ___ and ___ in the mid-root areas.
4.0; 1.5; wider; alveolar crest; narrow
What is seen with a thickened radicular lamina dura? What is the cause?
- widened PDL space due to occlusal trauma
Describe the trabecular pattern and gradient.
more trabeculae superiorly and anteriorly
T/F. A more loose pattern of trabeculae can be seen in sickle cell anemia.
True.
What are the two types of trabecular variations?
rarified and dense
How are vessels within interdental bone describe on radiographs?
radiolucent lines bordered by thin radiopaque lines
T/F. If the frontal sinus is close to or has invaginated among the roots of the maxillary teeth, there may be difficulties with surgical treatment of the periodontal problems (fistula).
False, If the MAXILLARY sinus is close to or has invaginated among the roots of the maxillary teeth, there may be difficulties with surgical treatment of the periodontal problems (fistula).
A mandibular tori is a bony ___ on the ___ aspect of the mandible generally in the ___-___ region. It is seen as a radiopacity and commonly found bilaterally.
exostosis; lingual; premolar-molar
Where can the mental foramen be seen?
as far forward as the distal of the 1st premolar and as far posteriorly as the mesial of the 1st molar
How far apart must the roots be to have periodontal bone loss that affects the entire interproximal?
less than 2.5mm
Define the crown to root ratio.
The ration of the length of the tooth outside of bone to the length of tooth in bone.
T/F. The crown to root ration is not a linear measurement and takes into account other morphologic factors such as root number and shape.
False, The crown to root ration IS a linear measurement and DOES NOT take into account other morphologic factors such as root number and shape.
Match
- C:R = 1:2
- C:R = 2:1
- C:R = 1:1
A. Favorable
B. Adequate
C. Unfavorable
1 - A
2 - C
3 - B
A periapical radiolucency might continue to develop a ___.
___ tooth resorption begins from within the pulp.
Internal
___ tooth resorption begins on the external surface.
External
T/F. Bite registrations are used to standardize the projection.
true.
What is used to assess the marginal bone changes around a dental implant?
digital subtraction radiography (DSR)
How should an implant appear on a PA film if done correctly?
sharp threads with no overlaps on either side of implant indicates that the image is adequate to be used for assessment of the peri-implant bone conditions
What technique visibly shows the sinus septum?
CBCT(easier to see) vs panoramic
