2: Periodontal Indices Flashcards
What five factors are used to assess inflammation?
- color
- texture/edema (sweilling with inflammation)
- bleeding
- exudate
- plaque
How is disease identified?
assessment of inflammation + loss of periodontal tissue support
How does one measure loss of periodontal tissue support?
- probing depths
- clinical attachment levels
- radiographic evaluation
What is the purpose of the simplified oral hygiene index?
to assess oral cleanliness by estimating the tooth surface covered by debris and/or calculus
What is the component and tooth selection of the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S)?
components:
- simplified debris index
- simplified calculus index
Tooth selection:
facial surfaces of 3, 8, 14, 24
lingual surfaces of 19, 30
When evaluating the OHI scores, what is needed for excellent, good, fair. and poor?
0 = excellent
- 1 to 1.2 = good
- 3 to 3.0 = fair
- 1 to 6.0 = poor
What index assess the amount to plaque at the gingival margin?
Plaque index
In the plaque index, a ___ is used to distinguish between scores 0 and 1. ___ plaque is scored a 2 or a 3.
probe; visible
T/F. The Quigley-Hein index is biased toward the gingival third of the tooth surface.
True.
The Turesky Modification of Quigley-Hein Plaque index examines the ___ and ___ surfaces and uses a disclosing agent to make plaque ___ (scored 0 to 5).
facial; lingual; visible
What is the most frequently used plaque index in clinical trials?
The Turesky Modification of Quigley-Hein Plaque index
Match the score with its findings for the NIDR Calculus Index
- Calculus is absent
- Supragingival calculus, but no subgingival calculus is present
- Supragingival and subgingival, or subgingival calculus only is present.
A. 0
B. 1
C. 2
1 - A
2 - B
3 - C
What test is used to determine the quantity of supragingival calculus?
volpe-manhold index
What surfaces are tested in the Volpe-Manhold Index? How is the quantity determined?
lingual surfaces of lower anteriors (#22-27)
quantity is determined in mm of calculus along the 2 diagonal and the central lines drawn over the lingual surface of each tooth.
What index is the most frequently used calculus index in longitudinal studies?
Volpe-Manhold Index
T/F. With the Papillary-Marginal-Attachment (PMA) Index, the number of units affected correlates with the severity of gingival inflammation.
True.
The PMA index scores the ___ gingival surfaces that have been divided into ___ scoring units (P-M-A). The gingival units affected with ___ are counted. Presence scores a ___ and Absence scores a ____.
facial; 3; gingivitis; 1; 0
Using the Gingival index, where is the severity of inflammation assessed?
- distofacial papilla
- facial margin
- mesiofacial papilla
- lingual gingival margin
Describe the scoring of the Gingival Index.
scores = 0 to 3; bleeding is considered
Presence of bleeding automatically leads to a score of ≥ 2
The Gingival index is used for the calculation of ___ and ___ in population and individual. It is frequently used in clinical ___.
prevalence; severity; trials
The ___ tendency is assessed upon probing a periodontal pocket using standardized pressure.
bleeding
When is bleeding observed?
15 seconds following retraction of the probe from the bottom of the periodontal pocket
How is BOP scored?
present = 1 absent = 0
T/F. BOP is not a valid indicator of periodontal stability but it is a good indicator of periodontal breakdown.
False, BOP IS a valid indicator of periodontal stability but it is a POOR indicator of periodontal breakdown.
T/F. The Michigan-O periodontal probe has Williams markings.
True
Attachment level (mm) = ___ ___ (mm) + ___ (mm).
Attachment level (mm) = probing depth (mm) + recession (mm).
Periodontal probing should be done on ___ surfaces around the tooth.
6
What must you angle to probe at to get into the col area?
15o to 20o
The extent and severity index (ESI) is broken down into what three components?
agreement
extent
severity
T/F. Under agreement, disease is defined as attachment loss > 1mm.
True.
T/F. The extent describes the amount of attachment loss at the diseased sites, expressed as a mean value.
False, The SEVERITY describes the amount of attachment loss at the diseased sites, expressed as a mean value.
The EXTENT is the proportion of tooth sites in a patient showing signs of destructive periodontitis. (describes how many sites have attachment loss)
Describe the scoring for the Periodontal Index System (PI).
0 = negative 1,2 = gingivitis 6 = gingivitis with pocket formation 8 = advanced destruction with loss of masticatory function
In the ___ index system, all teeth are examined and the ___ of each tooth is inspected ___ and given a score. This index can be computed for a subject or population.
periodontal; circumference; visually
Which index has a x-ray component?
Periodontal Index
What are the several components of the periodontal disease index?
gingival status crevicular measurements periodontal disease index plaque criteria calculus criteria
In the Periodontal Disease Index, ___ areas per tooth are examined using a ___.
4; probe
