2: Periodontal Indices

Question 1

What five factors are used to assess inflammation?

Answer 1

1. color
2. texture/edema (sweilling with inflammation)
3. bleeding
4. exudate
5. plaque

Question 2

How is disease identified?

Answer 2

assessment of inflammation + loss of periodontal tissue support

Question 3

How does one measure loss of periodontal tissue support?

Answer 3

1. probing depths
2. clinical attachment levels
3. radiographic evaluation

Question 4

What is the purpose of the simplified oral hygiene index?

Answer 4

to assess oral cleanliness by estimating the tooth surface covered by debris and/or calculus

Question 5

What is the component and tooth selection of the simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S)?

Answer 5

components:

• simplified debris index
• simplified calculus index

Tooth selection:
facial surfaces of 3, 8, 14, 24
lingual surfaces of 19, 30

Question 6

When evaluating the OHI scores, what is needed for excellent, good, fair. and poor?

Answer 6

0 = excellent

0. 1 to 1.2 = good
1. 3 to 3.0 = fair
2. 1 to 6.0 = poor

Question 7

What index assess the amount to plaque at the gingival margin?

Answer 7

Plaque index

Question 8

In the plaque index, a ___ is used to distinguish between scores 0 and 1. ___ plaque is scored a 2 or a 3.

Answer 8

probe; visible

Question 9

T/F. The Quigley-Hein index is biased toward the gingival third of the tooth surface.

Answer 9

True.

Question 10

The Turesky Modification of Quigley-Hein Plaque index examines the ___ and ___ surfaces and uses a disclosing agent to make plaque ___ (scored 0 to 5).

Answer 10

facial; lingual; visible

Question 11

What is the most frequently used plaque index in clinical trials?

Answer 11

The Turesky Modification of Quigley-Hein Plaque index

Question 12

Match the score with its findings for the NIDR Calculus Index

1. Calculus is absent
2. Supragingival calculus, but no subgingival calculus is present
3. Supragingival and subgingival, or subgingival calculus only is present.

A. 0
B. 1
C. 2

Answer 12

1 - A
2 - B
3 - C

Question 13

What test is used to determine the quantity of supragingival calculus?

Answer 13

volpe-manhold index

Question 14

What surfaces are tested in the Volpe-Manhold Index? How is the quantity determined?

Answer 14

lingual surfaces of lower anteriors (#22-27)

quantity is determined in mm of calculus along the 2 diagonal and the central lines drawn over the lingual surface of each tooth.

Question 15

What index is the most frequently used calculus index in longitudinal studies?

Answer 15

Volpe-Manhold Index

Question 16

T/F. With the Papillary-Marginal-Attachment (PMA) Index, the number of units affected correlates with the severity of gingival inflammation.

Answer 16

True.

Question 17

The PMA index scores the ___ gingival surfaces that have been divided into ___ scoring units (P-M-A). The gingival units affected with ___ are counted. Presence scores a ___ and Absence scores a ____.

Answer 17

facial; 3; gingivitis; 1; 0

Question 18

Using the Gingival index, where is the severity of inflammation assessed?

Answer 18

1. distofacial papilla
2. facial margin
3. mesiofacial papilla
4. lingual gingival margin

Question 19

Describe the scoring of the Gingival Index.

Answer 19

scores = 0 to 3; bleeding is considered

Presence of bleeding automatically leads to a score of ≥ 2

Question 20

The Gingival index is used for the calculation of ___ and ___ in population and individual. It is frequently used in clinical ___.

Answer 20

prevalence; severity; trials

Question 21

The ___ tendency is assessed upon probing a periodontal pocket using standardized pressure.

Answer 21

bleeding

Question 22

When is bleeding observed?

Answer 22

15 seconds following retraction of the probe from the bottom of the periodontal pocket

Question 23

How is BOP scored?

Answer 23

present = 1
absent = 0

Question 24

T/F. BOP is not a valid indicator of periodontal stability but it is a good indicator of periodontal breakdown.

Answer 24

False, BOP IS a valid indicator of periodontal stability but it is a POOR indicator of periodontal breakdown.

Question 25

T/F. The Michigan-O periodontal probe has Williams markings.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Attachment level (mm) = ___ ___ (mm) + ___ (mm).

Answer 26

Attachment level (mm) = probing depth (mm) + recession (mm).

Question 27

Periodontal probing should be done on ___ surfaces around the tooth.

Answer 27

6

Question 28

What must you angle to probe at to get into the col area?

Answer 28

15o to 20o

Question 29

The extent and severity index (ESI) is broken down into what three components?

Answer 29

agreement
extent
severity

Question 30

T/F. Under agreement, disease is defined as attachment loss > 1mm.

Answer 30

True.

Question 31

T/F. The extent describes the amount of attachment loss at the diseased sites, expressed as a mean value.

Answer 31

False, The SEVERITY describes the amount of attachment loss at the diseased sites, expressed as a mean value.

The EXTENT is the proportion of tooth sites in a patient showing signs of destructive periodontitis. (describes how many sites have attachment loss)

Question 32

Describe the scoring for the Periodontal Index System (PI).

Answer 32

0 = negative
1,2 = gingivitis
6 = gingivitis with pocket formation
8 = advanced destruction with loss of masticatory function

Question 33

In the ___ index system, all teeth are examined and the ___ of each tooth is inspected ___ and given a score. This index can be computed for a subject or population.

Answer 33

periodontal; circumference; visually

Question 34

Which index has a x-ray component?

Answer 34

Periodontal Index

Question 35

What are the several components of the periodontal disease index?

Answer 35

gingival status
crevicular measurements
periodontal disease index
plaque criteria
calculus criteria

Question 36

In the Periodontal Disease Index, ___ areas per tooth are examined using a ___.

Answer 36

4; probe