Periodicity

Question 1

Na, Mg, Al

Answer 1

Metallic bonding
So positive metal ions attached to delocalised electrons. Increasing Mpt.

Bonds gets stronger in MB because metal ions have an increasing positive charge and increasing number of delocalised electrons and double in radius.

Question 2

Si

Answer 2

Giant covalent macromolecular bonding.

Strong covalent bonds links all atoms together.
Lots of energy needed to break bond.
IMF overcomes when molecular covalent substance melts

Question 3

P

Answer 3

Molecular substance.

When boiled/ melted, VAN DER WAALS FORCES IBM are broken and very weak.

Question 4

S

Answer 4

Molecular substance.
Biggest molecule so highest melting point than P and Cl.

More electrons large surface area for forces.
Strong VDW forces.

VDW forces broke when B/M

Question 5

Cl

Answer 5

Molecular substance.
Cl2
Pairs - diatomic

Weak FOA
IMF broken - molecules are bigger as more e-

Question 6

Ar

Answer 6

Individual atoms.
Monatomic

Weak VDW forces.
Very low melting point.

IMF IBM.

Weak FOA.

Question 7

P, S, Cl, Ar

Answer 7

Non metals.

IMF between molecules

Weak FOA

Simple covalent molecular

Question 8

Amphoteric

Answer 8

Able to react both as base and acid

Question 9

Ionisation trend across period

Answer 9

Increase because increasing nuclear attraction between outer shell electrons and nucleus, due to number of increasing protons.