Formulas

Question 1

Titration

Moles

Answer 1

Conc x vol/1000

Or

Mass/Mr

Question 2

Mass

Answer 2

Moles x Mr

Question 3

Moles

Answer 3

PV/RT

1 mol = 6.02x10^23

No. Of particles / Avogadro conc.

Question 4

Concentration from titration

Answer 4

1. Find average
2. Moles of alkali = conc x volume / 1000
3. Ratio of equation
   Moles of alk : Moles of acid
4. Conc = moles x 1000 / Volume = mol dm^-3
5. Conc in gdm^-3 = conc of mol dm^-3 x Mr

Question 5

Concentration

Answer 5

Moles x 1000/Volume

Question 6

What is concentration of a solution

Answer 6

How many moles are dissolved per 1dm^3 (that’s 1l) of solution

Question 7

1 ton = g
1kg = g
1mg = g

Answer 7

1,000,000g

1,000g

0.001g

Question 8

Empirical formula

Answer 8

Simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 9

Molecular formula

Answer 9

Gives actual numbers of atoms of each element in a compound. Made up of a whole number of empirical units.

Question 10

Percentage yield

Answer 10

Actual yield / theoretical yield x100

Tells you how much wasteful a proces is.

Question 11

Theoretical yield

Answer 11

Moles x Mr

Question 12

% atom economy

Answer 12

Molecular mass of desired product
————— x 100

Sun of molecular masses of all reactants

Question 13

% uncertainty

Answer 13

Error / measurement x 100

Balance +- = uncertainty error
Measurement is g/mass

Question 14

Reduce percentage error by

Answer 14

1 increase conc of alkali = large mass of solid = bigger titre
2. Decrease conc of acid

Question 15

Higher % AE =

Answer 15

Better for environment = less waste
More efficient
More sustainable
Less expensive

Question 16

How to improve atom economy

Answer 16

1. Change reaction completely
2. Make waste product a by product
   Increase profit and manufactured by it