Periodic trend terms

Question 1

atomic radius

Answer 1

distance from centre of nucleus to valence shell. effected by The number of electron shells and The shielding effect of the inner electrons

Question 2

ionization energy

Answer 2

energy required to remove 1 valence electron from an atom in the gaseous, ground state (joules). to determine the ionization energy of an element, the element must be first converted to its monoatomic gaseous form, meaning the bonds that keep the atoms together must be broken.
increases left to right increases, top to bottom decreases. factors: attractive force to nucleus. # of valence electrons

Question 3

electron affinity

Answer 3

Electron affinity, EA is defined as the energy change associated with the addition of an electron to an atom or an ion at its gaseous, ground state. left to right: increases, top to bottom: decreases. factors: atomic radius, easier to gain electrons with more valence shells,

Question 4

electronegativity

Answer 4

A measure of the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a bond is called electronegativity. a SCALE from 0-4 where 0 represents elements unlikely to gain 1 electron. trend: left to right: increases, top to bottom: decreases. factors: atomic radius

Question 5

effective nuclear charge

Answer 5

apparent nuclear charge as experienced by the valence electrons due to shielding (repulsion due to other electrons) from inner shell electrons. left to right: no considerable shielding. top to bottom: shielding occurs.. factors: # of orbitals

Question 6

reactivity- metals

Answer 6

the more easily a metal atom looses an electron, the more reactive it is. left to right: decreases, top to bottom: increases. factors: atomic radius, ionization energy

Question 7

reactivity- non metals

Answer 7

the more easily a non-metal accepts electrons from metal atoms or shares electrons with other non-metal atoms, the more reactive it is. left to right: reactivity increases, top to bottom: decreases. factors: atomic radius,

Question 8

ionization energy formula

Answer 8

Al(g) → Al+(g) + e-

Question 9

Which trends are similar?

Answer 9

Electron Affinity and Electronegativity. They both show what happens when electron is near nucleus of atom. They both show what happens when you add an atom and when the atom is fighting for an electron in a bond.