Periodic Table Flashcards
Metal
a solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity
Octet Rule
it states that every atom wants to have eight valence electrons in its outermost electron shell.
Electron configuration
the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.
Electron Dot Structure
diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule.
Representative Element
those elements within the first two families (Groups I and II on the far left) and the last six families or groups (on the right) of the Periodic Table.
Valence Electrons
a single electron or one of two or more electrons in the outer shell of an atom that is responsible for the chemical properties of the atom.
Ionization Energy
the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion
Electronegativity
is a measure of the tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons
Transition elements
any of various chemical elements that have valence electrons—i.e., electrons that can participate in the formation of chemical bonds—in two shells instead of only one.
Atomic Radius
is a measure of the size of its atoms
Metalloid
an element whose properties are intermediate between those of metals and solid nonmetals or semiconductors.
Group
is a column of elements in the periodic table of the chemical elements
Period
a horizontal row of the periodic table
Nonmetal
an element or substance that is not a metal.
Law of octaves
if the chemical elements are arranged according to increasing atomic weight, those with similar physical and chemical properties occur after each interval of seven elements.
