Periodic table Flashcards
list the key features of the periodic table
PERIODS run horizontally
GROUPS run vertically
In any period, there is a gradual change from metallic to non-metallic characteristics from left to right.
list the key features of periods
PERIODS run horizontally
Rows 1-7 (usually in roman numerals)
In any period, there is a gradual change from metallic to non-metallic characteristics from left to right.
list the key features of groups
GROUPS run vertically
Columns 1-18
They contain elements with similar properties (they behave in similar ways)
list the groups to remember
Group 1 = alkali metals
Group 2 = alkaline earth metals
Group 17 = halogens
Group 18 = noble gases
list the properties of group one
Common properties:
Low melting and boiling points compared to most metals
Melting points decrease as you go down the group
Very soft (can be cut with a knife)
React quickly in water – producing hydroxides and hydrogen gas – must be stored in oil
Very reactive and reactivity increases as you go down the group
Form ions with valency of +1
list the properties of group two
Common properties:
Very reactive and reactivity increases as you go down the group
Less reactive than group 1 metals in the same period
Form ions with valency of +2
list the properties of group 17
Common properties:
Melting point and boiling point is low but increases as you go down the group
They are reactive non-metals
Reactivity decreases as you go down the group
They are brittle with solid
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Diatomic – molecules with two atoms
Form ions with valency of -1
list the properties of group 18
Common properties:
Non-metals
All are gases
Very unreactive
Have full outer shells
Do not form ions
Monatomic – single atoms
list the properties of groups 3-12
Common properties:
Relatively hard with high melting points
Form colourful salts and solutions – pigments in paint
