different acid reactions

Question 1

acid

Answer 1

An acid is a substance that gives up H ions (whereas bases accept a H ion).

Question 2

strong vs weak acids

Answer 2

In a strong acid,
all of the compounds
fully ionise (break down
into their ions) so the
H+ ions are available
to donate.

In a weak acid, only
some of the compounds
give up their H+ ions.

Question 3

When acids react with certain subtances…

Answer 3

When acids react with certain subtances, the products that they form are predictable.

Question 4

pH scale

Answer 4

1-6 (acidic)
7 (neutral)
8-14 (basic)

Question 5

list the common acids

Answer 5

Common acids
hydrochloric acid - HCl
sulphuric acid - H2SO4
nitric acid - HNO3

Question 6

acid base (neutralisation) reaction

Answer 6

When an acid reacts with a base, the products formed are
neither acids nor bases. They are neutral.

Question 7

general formula: acid - base

Answer 7

general formula:
acid + base a salt + water
The salt (ionic compund) is formed from the cation of the base and the anion of the acid.
slide 21 for prac

Question 8

acid carbonate

Answer 8

A carbonate is a type of base. When one is mixed with an acid, it produces carbon dioxide as well as a salt and water.

Question 9

general formula: acid carbonate

Answer 9

general formula:
acid + carbonate a salt + water + carbon dioxide
slide 23 examples

Question 10

general formula: acid metal

Answer 10

general formula:
acid + metal salt + hydrogen gas

Question 11

acid metal reactions

Answer 11

Acids corrode metals, breaking them down into a salt and hydrogen gas.

Question 12

what is the exception with metals

Answer 12

Different metals react with
acids differently.
Gold doesn’t react with
acids very much at all.
see slide 25

Question 13

A displacement reaction

Answer 13

A displacement reaction can occur when a piece of solid metal is placed into a solution containing another metal.

The reaction will only occur if the solid metal is more reactive than the metal in the solution.

Question 14

reactivity scale tells us what

Answer 14

most to least reactive metals
see slide 27

Question 15

Will a displacement reaction occur? steps to know…

Answer 15

To do this, ask “is the solid metal more reactive than the
metal that is in the solution?”
If yes, a displacement reaction will occur, if no, then it won’t.

slide 29 for practice

Question 16

If the reaction does occur, what actually happens?

Answer 16

The reactive metal (the solid) seems to disappear as it goes into solution and the less reactive metal (which was in the solution) appears and becomes the solid. It is called a displacement reaction because the reactive metal displaces or pushes out the less reactive metal in solution.

Question 17

See slide 31 - 36 for displacement prac

Question 18

Exothermic and endothermic reactions

Answer 18

“therm” means hot, heat or temperature
“exo” means outside/exterior
“endo” means inside/interior

Question 19

Exothermic reactions

Answer 19

Exothermic reactions are chemical reactions that give off energy to the outside environment (often as heat). The object will feel warm

Question 20

Endothermic reactions

Answer 20

Endothermic reactions are chemical reactions that take energy in (often as heat). The object will feel cold

Question 21

types of exothermic reactions

Answer 21

Combustion reactions - burning
Corrosion reactions - rusting

Question 22

Combustion reactions

Answer 22

• have oxygen as a reactant
• has a substance which burns in oxygen
• produce heat and light

Examples:
- lighting a match
- burning gas on a cooktop
- burning coal at a power station
When reactive metals burn in oxygen a salt is formed.

Question 23

common fuels of hydrocarbons

Answer 23

Many things that are used as fuels to be burnt are hydrocarbons.

Candle wax C20H42
Petrol C8H18
Methane gas CH4

Question 24

what happens when there isnt much oxygen in exothothermic reactions

Answer 24

but when there isn’t much oxygen incomplete combustion occurs which consists of two reactions.

Question 25

slide 44 for questions