metals and non metals + ionic compounds

Question 1

properties of metals

Answer 1

Conductors of heat and electricity
Lustrous – shiny when freshly cut
Malleable – hammered to different shapes
Ductile – stretched into thin wires
High density
Solid at room temperature (except Hg which is a liquid)
Form lattices
Very little control over outer shell electrons (strength at which the hold electrons is weak – low electronegativity)

Question 2

properties of non-metals

Answer 2

Insulators - poor conductors of heat and electricity
Dull with little shine
Brittle and crumble into powders
Low melting and boiling points
Liquids or gases at room temperature
A lot of control over outer shell electrons (strength at which the hold electrons is strong – high electronegativity)

Question 3

list the allotropes of carbon and their key feature

Answer 3

Alternative forms of carbon:
Graphene
Graphite
Diamond

All are made of carbon but have different bonding

Question 4

properties of metalloids

Answer 4

Non-metals that have some metal properties
Can conduct heat and electricity
Shiny but brittle
Include: boron, silicon, arsenic, antimony, germanium, and tellurium

Question 5

what are ions

Answer 5

Charged atoms that have gained or lost electrons

Question 6

what are cations

Answer 6

Positively charged atom; has lost electrons eg Mg2+

Question 7

what are anions

Answer 7

Negatively charged ion; has gained electrons eg O2-

Question 8

what is a compound

Answer 8

A substance made up of 2 or more different elements

Question 9

what is a molecule

Answer 9

An arrangement of atoms that can have a clustered shape and are NOT lattices eg CO2, H2O, O2

Question 10

what do metals and non metals form and how

Answer 10

Metals form cations (lose electrons to become positively charged)
Non-metals form anions (gain electrons to become negatively charged)

Question 11

how are ionic compounds formed and what is their key features

Answer 11

Positive ions are attracted to negative ions to form ionic compounds
Ionic compounds are neutral (they have no charge overall)

Question 12

what can transition metals form, give and example

Answer 12

Some metals in groups 3-12 (transition metals) can form ions of different charges
For example, Cu can form +1 and +2 ions
Roman numerals are used to indicate the charge
Copper (I) = Cu+
Copper (II) = Cu2+

Question 13

what are polyatomic ions, give an example

Answer 13

Polyatomic ions contain more than one element

If more than one polyatomic ion is in an ionic compound, brackets are then used

For example, Al2(CO3)3