periodic table 🧮 Flashcards
1
Q
special names for groups
A
1: alkali metals
2: alkali earth metals
3-12: transition metals
17: halogens
18: noble gas
2
Q
trends in the same group
A
- similar chemical properties
- number of protons increases down
- atomic radii increases down
3
Q
trends across a period
A
- number of protons increases
- metallic character of elements decrease
- properties of oxides go from basic - amphoteric - acidic
4
Q
physical properties of group 1 metals
A
- good conductor of electricity
- soft and easily cut into shiny, silvery solids
- low density, low melting point
5
Q
trends down group 1
A
- melting point decreases
- reactivity increases
- larger atomic radii, weaker electrostatic forces of attraction, valence electrons lost more readily
- powerful reducing agents
6
Q
physical properties of group 17 elements
A
- elements are coloured, colour becomes darker down the group
- low melting and boiling point
- cannot conduct electricity
- soluble in water except iodine
- powerful oxidising agents
7
Q
colours of group 17 diatomic compounds
A
- fluorine: pale yellow gas
- chlorine: greenish yellow gas, pale yellow aqueous
- bromine: reddish-brown liquid, orange aqueous, reddish-brown gas
- iodine: black solid, brown aqueous, purple gas
8
Q
trends down group 17
A
- melting and boiling points increase down the group
- reactivity decreases down the group
9
Q
displacement reactions explanation (chlorine and sodium bromide)
A
chlorine is more reactive than bromine and thus, chlorine gains electrons more readily than bromine. chlorine displaces bromine from colourless aqueous sodium bromide to form orange aqueous bromine and colourless aqueous sodium chloride
10
Q
properties of transition metals
A
- most are silvery metals except copper and gold
- high melting and boiling points
- high density
- exhibit variable oxidation states in their compounds
- form coloured compounds
- good catalysts
