Periodic Table Flashcards
The Periodic Table
A list of elements arranged in order of increasing proton numbers
Electron shells —> Period
Valence electrons —> Group
Alkali Metals
Group 1
PHY PROPERTIES
1. Soft and can be cut easily with a knife
2. Low melting and boiling points
3. Low densities
PHY PROPERTIES (GOING DOWN)
1. melting and boiling points decreases
2. density increases
3. softness increases
4. reactivity increases
CHEM PROPERTIES
1. Reacts with cold water to form an alkali and hydrogen
2. Powerful reducing agents
3. Ionic compounds
WHY MUST ALKALI METALS BE STORED UNDER OIL
To prevent them from coming into contact with water, oxygen or water vapour as they react with these substandes readily
REACTIONS (LSP)
Lithium
Quick reaction. Hydrogen gas produced does not burn
Sodium
Very quick reaction. Hydrogen gas produced may catch fire
Potassium
Violent reaction. Hydrogen gas produced catches fire and burns with a lilac flame
Halogens
Group 7 Diatomic PHY PROPERTIES Low melting and boiling points Coloured PHY PROPERTIES GOING DOWN Increase Darker CHEM PROPERTIES Halogens undergo displacement reactions with halide solutions Powerful oxidising agents REACTIONS (FCBI) Fluorine Gas Pale-green / Yellow Chlorine Gas Greenish-yellow Bromine Liquid Reddish-brown Iodine Solid Greyish-black
Displacement reaction
A reaction in which one element takes the place of another element in a compound
Reactive halogens displace a less reactive halogen from its halide solution
Potassium chloride
Potassium bromide
Potassium iodide
Noble gases
Group 0 PROPERTIES Monatomic Colourless gases at room temperature Low melting and boiling points Insoluble in water Unreactive GROUP GO DOWN Boiling point increases Density increases USES Provides an inert atmosphere Helium: Use to fill balloons and airships as a lifting gas
