Periodic Table Flashcards
how are the elements in the periodic table arranged?
in increasing proton number from left to right
what is the horizontal row of the periodic table called?
period
what is the vertical column of the periodic table called?
group
what are the elements between group II and group III called?
transition elements or transition metals
what is the pattern between elements in the same group?
they have the same number of valence electrons
what is the pattern between elements with the same number of valence electrons?
they have the same chemical properties
what is the pattern between elements in the same period?
they have the same number of electron shells
what are group I elements called?
alkali metals
what are some properties of alkali metals?
- most reactive metals in periodic table
- only have one valence electron
- shiny, silvery solids
- soft and can be easily cut with a knife
- have low densities
- low MP
- tarnish easily in air
- react vigorously in cold water
what is the pattern of alkali metals?
- MP decreases down the group
- chemical reactivity increases down teh group
what are group VII elements called?
halogens
what are some properties of halogens?
- reactive
- poisonous
- have seven valence electrons
- diatomic
- low MP BP
- can form ionic compounds or covalent compounds
what is the pattern of halogens?
- MP BP increases down the group
- chemical reactivity decreases down the group
- colour becomes darker down the group
what is the colour and state of fluorine?
pale yellow
gas at r.t.p
what is the colour and state of chlorine?
greenish yellow
gas at r.t.p
what is the colour and state of bromine?
reddish brown
liquid
what is the colour and state of iodine?
- purplish black, solid
- yellowish brown, aqueous
what is the colour and state of astatine?
black
solid
what is a displacement reaction?
a more reactive halogen will displace a less reactive halogen from an aqueous solution of its ions
what are group 0 elements called?
noble gases
what are some properties of noble gases?
- least reactive elements
- have stable electronic arrangement
- unreactive and do not form bonds
- colourless
- mono atomic gases
- low MP BP
what is the use of helium?
-fill balloons and modern airships because they are light and unreactive
what is the use of neon?
advertising strip lights as they are unreactive and can give off a distinct orange glow
what is the use of argon?
fill light bulbs, steel production as they are unreactive
why are noble gases unreactive?
have filled valence electron shell so don’t need to gain, lose or share electrons to form bonds, stable and unreactive
