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chemistry > Acid and Bases > Flashcards

Acid and Bases Flashcards

1
Q

what is a acid?

A

it is a substance that produces hydrogen ions, H+, when dissolved in water

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2
Q

what is a strong acid?

A

it dissociates completely in water to produce hydrogen,H+, ions

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3
Q

what is a weak acid?

A

it dissociates partially in water to produce hydrogen,H+, ions

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4
Q

what are some properties of acids?

A
  • produces hydrogen, H+, ions when dissolved in water
  • turns blue litmus paper red
  • tastes sour
  • is corrosive
  • turns green universal indicator red (strong acid) and orange (weak acid)\conducts electricity when dissolved in water
  • has a PH less than 7
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5
Q

what are some examples of strong acids?

A
  • sulfuric acid
  • nitric acid
  • hydrochloric acid
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6
Q

what is an example of a weak acid?

A

enthanoic acid

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7
Q

what is the product between the reaction of an acid and a metal?

A

salt + hydrogen

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8
Q

what is the product between the reaction of an acid and a metal carbonate?

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

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9
Q

what is the product between the reaction of an acid and an alkali?

A

salt + water

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10
Q

what is the reaction between an acid and alkali called?

A

neutralisation

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11
Q

how to test for hydrogen gas?

A
  • place a lighted splint at the mouth of the test tube containing the gas to be tested
  • if the gas is hydrogen, the lighted splint will extinguish with a ‘pop’ sound
  • effervescence observed
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12
Q

how to test for carbon dioxide gas?

A
  • bubble the gas to be tested through a test tube containing lime water
  • if the gas is carbon dioxide, a white precipitate will form
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13
Q

what are some uses of ethanoic acid?

A

vinegar

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14
Q

what is a base?

A

a substance that reacts with an acid to give salt and water

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15
Q

what is an alkali?

A

a substance that produces hydroxide ions, OH-, when dissolved in water

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16
Q

what is a strong alkali?

A

a substance that dissociates completely in water to produce hydroxide, OH-, ions

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17
Q

what is a weak alkali?

A

a substance that dissociates partially in water to produce hydroxide, OH-, ions

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18
Q

what are some properties of alkalis?

A
  • produces hydroxide, OH-, ions
  • turns red litmus paper blue
  • tastes bitter
  • feels slippery
  • turns green universal indicator violet (strong alkali) and blue (weak alkali)
  • conducts electricity when dissolved in water
  • has a PH more than 7
19
Q

what are some common examples of alkalis?

A
  • sodium hydroxide
  • potassium hydroxide
  • calcium hydroxide
  • ammonium hydroxide
20
Q

what is the product between the reaction of an alkali and an acid?

A

salt + water

21
Q

what is the product between the reaction of an alkali and a ammonium salt?

A

salt + water + ammonia gas

22
Q

what are the polyatomic ions and their chemical formula?

A
  • sulfate, SO4 2-
  • carbonate, CO3 2-
  • nitrate, NO3-
  • hydroxide, OH-
  • ammonium, NH4+
23
Q

what is the chemical formula for ammonia gas?

A

NH3

24
Q

how to test for ammonia gas?

A
  • place a piece of moist red litmus paper at the mouth of the test tube containing the gas to be tested
  • if the gas is ammonia, the moist red litmus paper will turn blue
25
Q

what is a PH scale?

A

a set of numbers used to indicate whether a solution is acidic, neutral or alkaline

26
Q

what can a PH scale be used for?

A

shows the strength of a acid or alkali

27
Q

what are some indicators?

A
  • universal indicator

- PH probe

28
Q

what is the colour of acids in phenolphthalin?

A

colourless

29
Q

what is the colour of alkalis in phenolphthalin?

A

pink

30
Q

what is the colour of acids in methyl orange?

A

red

31
Q

what is the colour of alkalis in methyl orange?

A

yellow

32
Q

what is the colour of acids in litmus?

A

red

33
Q

what is the colour of alkalis in litmus?

A

blue

34
Q

how can we control soil PH?

A
  • chemicals are used to adjust the PH value
  • acidic soils are treated with bases such as quick lime (calcium oxide) or slaked lime (calcium hydroxide)
  • this is known as ‘liming’ the soil
35
Q

what are the two categories that oxides are differentiated with?

A

metal oxides

non-metal oxides

36
Q

what are the two categories that non-metal oxides are differentiated with?

A

acidic oxides

neutral oxides

37
Q

what are examples of neutral oxides?

A

CO
NO
H2O

38
Q

what are the two categories that metal oxides are differentiated with?

A

basic oxides

amphoteric oxides

39
Q

what are examples of amphoteric oxides

A

ZnO
Al2O3
PbO

40
Q

what does a basic oxide react with and what is formed in the reaction?

A

acid and they produce salt and water

41
Q

what does an acidic oxide react with and what is the product formed in the reaction?

A

bases and they produce salt and water

42
Q

what does a neutral oxide react with and what are its properties?

A

nothing

show neither acidic or basic properties, being insoluble in water

43
Q

what does a amphoteric oxide react with and what are its properties?

A

both acids and bases

behave as acids and alkalis, reacting with both acids and alkalis to form salt and water

chemistry (19 decks)

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