Periodic Table

Question 1

Chemical similarities of elements are based on their

Answer 1

of valence electrons

Question 2

FACT

Answer 2

All elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons and therefore have similar chemical properties

Question 3

Periods are which direction

Answer 3

• Horizontal

- Period corresponds to the outermost PEL being filled with valence electrons

Question 4

Groups are which direction

Answer 4

• Vertical

- All elements have the same number of valence electrons

Question 5

Atomic Radius

Answer 5

• The distance between the nucleus and the outermost valence electron in an atom
• Found on Table S

Question 6

Trends in Atomic Radius

Answer 6

Down a group: Atomic radius increases (more orbitals)

Going Across a Period: Atomic radius decreases (due to increased nuclear pull → Because of more protons being added!)

Question 7

Ionic Radius

Answer 7

When atoms gain electrons IONIC RADIUS INCREASES

When atoms lose electrons IONIC RADIUS DECREASES

Question 8

Ionization Energy

Answer 8

The energy required to remove the most loosely held valence electron

Question 9

Trends in Ionization Energy

Answer 9

Going down a group: IE DECREASES

Going Across a Period: IE Increases

Question 10

Electronegativity

Answer 10

The ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself to form a bond

Question 11

Trends in Electronegativity

Answer 11

As you go down a group, electronegativity DECREASES

Going across a period, Electronegativity INCREASES

Question 12

Allotrope

Answer 12

Non-metal that can exist in two or more forms in the same phase, that have different structure and properties!

Question 13

Allotrope Examples:

Answer 13

Oxygen & Ozone (both made of oxygen)

Diamond & Graphite (Both made of Carbon)

Question 14

Properties of Metals

Answer 14

• Solids (except for Hg liquid)
• Shiny
• Malleable
• Conductors of Electricity
• Low Ionization Energy
• Low EN
• Large Atomic Radius
• Tendency to form positive ions
• High MP/BP

Question 15

Metalloids

Answer 15

• Properties of metals and nonmetals
• Average EN, IE, and atomic radius
• Highish MP/BP
• Solids

Question 16

Non Metals

Answer 16

• Solids, Liquids (Br), and Gases
• Poor conductors of heat and electricity
• Dull
• Form Negative Ions
• High EN and IE
• Smaller atomic radius
• Low MP/BP

Question 17

Highest EN Value:

Lowest EN Value:

Answer 17

4. 0 (Fluorine)

0. 7 (Francium)

Question 18

Alkali Metals

Answer 18

• Group 1
• All have 1 valence electron
• Only found in compounds or salts b/c so reactive

Question 19

Alkaline Earth Metals

Answer 19

Groups 2

-All have 2 valence electrons

Question 20

Transition Metals

Answer 20

• Groups 3-12
• Form COLORED ions
• Less reactive than groups 1 + 2

Question 21

What happens to metallic properties and reactivity as you go right on the periodic table?

Answer 21

They decrease

Question 22

Noble Gases

Answer 22

• Group 18
• Full octet of valence electrons therefore non-reactive and stable
• Very high IE

Question 23

Halogens

Answer 23

• Group 17
• All non-metals
• High EN and IE
• Diatomic elements (never alone)
• Highly reactive