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Pre AP Chemistry > Matter > Flashcards

Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

Matter

A

Something that takes up space

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2
Q

Substance

A

-Any variety of matter that is homogeneous & has a fixed composition by mass

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3
Q

Element

A
  • the simplest form of matter
  • CAN’T be broken down by physical or chemical means

ex: C, H, Na

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4
Q

Diatomic elements

A

2 atoms of the same element bond to form a molecule!!

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5
Q

Compound

A
  • 2 or more different elements chemically bonded
  • Can break down into simpler compounds/elements chemically

ex: HCl, KI

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6
Q

Mixture

A

2 or more substances physically combined

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7
Q

Homogeneous

A
  • Uniform composition
  • Solutions
  • Aqueous (aq)
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8
Q

Heterogeneous

A

Contains visibly different substances or phases

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9
Q

How are mixtures different from compounds?

A
  • The components of a mixture can be either elements or compounds
  • Mixture separated by PHYSICAL means (compounds by CHEMICAL means)
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10
Q

Monatomic Element

A

Only one particle just like an element

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11
Q

Mass

A

-The amount of matter in an object

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12
Q

Volume

A

-The amount of space an object takes up

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13
Q

What is volume measured with?

A

mL or cm3.

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14
Q

What is mass measured with?

A

grams or kilograms

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15
Q

How do you calculate volume?

A

l x w x h

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16
Q

How do you measure volume with irregular objects?

A

-Water Displacement

object and water - water = object

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17
Q

Density Formula

A

D = m/v

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18
Q

Density

A

Degree of compactness of a substance

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19
Q

What is density measured with?

A

g/mL or g/cm3

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20
Q

A 5mL sample of ethanol has a mass of 3.95g. What is the density of ethanol?

A

3.95 / 5

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21
Q

Energy

A

an object’s ability to do work

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22
Q

Potential Energy

A

The energy stored in an object

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23
Q

Kinetic Energy

A

Energy an object possesses due to its motion; directly related to temperature

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24
Q

Temperature vs Heat

A

Temperature is the average kinetic energy of a sample while heat is the amount of energy flowing from one body of matter to another

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25
Q

How does heat flow?

A

From hotter to colder objects

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26
Q

How is temperature measured?

A

Celcius or Kelvin

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27
Q

How is heat measured?

A

Joules (J)

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28
Q

In Celcius, what are the boiling and freezing pts of water?

A

0: freezing pt
100: boiling pt

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29
Q

True or False:

When you change by 1C, you also change by 1K

A

True

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30
Q

In Kelvin, what are the boiling and freezing pts of water?

A

273: freezing pt
373: boiling pt

31
Q

How do you change from Celcius to Kelvin?

A

K = C + 273

32
Q

Endothermic

A
  • Absorbs energy

- Requires energy as a reactant

33
Q

Exothermic

A
  • Releases energy

- Produces energy as a product

34
Q

Is the delta H value for endothermic positive or negative?

A

+

35
Q

Is the delta H value for exothermic positive or negative?

A

-

36
Q

Chemical Energy

A

Energy associated with chemical changes and bonds

37
Q

Atomic/Nuclear Energy

A

Associated with changes to the nucleus of an atom!

38
Q

Law of Conservation of Energy

A
  1. Energy cannot be created or destroyed

2. Energy CAN be transferred or transformed

39
Q

What are the 4 ways to separate mixtures?

A
  1. Magnet
  2. Distillation
  3. Filtration
  4. Chromatography
40
Q

How packed are molecules in a solid

A

Very tightly

41
Q

How packed are molecules in a liquid

A

In between tight and loose

42
Q

How packed are molecules in a gas

A

Very loose

43
Q

S ———–> L

A

Melting (Fusion)

44
Q

L ———–> S

A

Freezing

45
Q

S ———-> G

A

Sublimation

46
Q

G ———-> S

A

Deposition

47
Q

L ———-> G

A

Vaporization

48
Q

G ———-> L

A

Condensation

49
Q

On a phase change graph, on the inclines what are on them?

A

Solid, Liquid, Gas

50
Q

On the phase change graph, on the straight parts are?

A

Phase changes:

  1. Freezing/Melting
  2. Boiling/Condensation
51
Q

Can kinetic and potential energy increase or decrease at the same time?

A

No! That’s why when kinetic increases, the potential remains the same, and when potential increases (straight part of the graph) kinetic remains the same

52
Q

What is a cooling curve?

A

A phase change graph decreasing (backward)

53
Q

What happens to potential and kinetic energy in a cooling curve decrease?

A
  • Potential energy remains unchanged

- Kinetic energy decreases

54
Q

What happens to kinetic and potential energy in a cooling curve straight-line part of graph?

A
  • Kinetic energy remains unchanged

- Potential energy decreases

55
Q

Calorimetry

A

Measuring and Calculating Heat

56
Q

Calorimetry equation

A

q = mC∆T

57
Q

What do q, m, c, and ∆T mean?

A 
q = heat
m = mass
c = specific heat (Table B)  4.18
∆T = temperature change
58
Q

Specific Heat:

A

The amount of heat per gram
required to raise the
temperature by one degree
Celsius

59
Q

When do you use the heat of fusion equation?

A

When the phase change is melting/ freezing

60
Q

When do you use the heat of vaporization equation?

A

When the phase change is boiling or condansation

61
Q

Heat of Vaporization equation

A

q = mHv

q = heat
m = mass
Hv = 2260
62
Q

Heat of Fusion equation

A

q = mHf

q = heat
m = mass
Hf = 334
63
Q

Energy is absorbed when:

A

liquid to gas or

solid to liquid

64
Q

Energy is released when:

A

gas to liquid or

liquid to solid

65
Q

The arrangement of particles is most ordered when the phase is…

A

SOLID

66
Q

Physical Change

A

something that changes the physical properties of a substance

-size, shape, form

67
Q

Chemical Change

A

a reaction that rearranges the particles of two or more substances to create at least one new substance

68
Q

Which change forms a NEW substance?

A

A chemical change

69
Q

Which change changes the shape, size, or form?

A

A physical change

70
Q

Which change can be undone?

A

A physical change

71
Q

Which change may release heat, odor, sound, or light

A

A chemical change

72
Q

What is the acronym for noble gases?

A

Br I N Cl H O F

73
Q

In distillation, which boiling pt boils off first?

A

The lower one

Pre AP Chemistry (11 decks)

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