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Pre AP Chemistry > Organic Compounds > Flashcards

Organic Compounds Flashcards

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1
Q

What is organic chemistry

A

The study of carbon containing compounds

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2
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Compounds containing carbon and hydrogen

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3
Q

What must all organic compounds contain

A

Carbon and hydrogen

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4
Q

How many bonds does carbon need

A

4

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5
Q

Melting point and boiling pt of organic compounds

A

LOW

*More carbons = higher boiling point

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6
Q

Small hydrocarbons tend to be gases while larger ones are:

A

Liquids and waxes

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7
Q

Solubility of Organic compounds

A

“Likes dissolve likes”

Hydrocarbons are nonpolar.
Water is Polar. LOW

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8
Q

Conductivity of organic compounds

A

LOW

  • covalent, molecular
  • non conductors
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9
Q

Homologous Series

A

A group of organic compounds whose structures differ only by the number of CH2 units in the main carbon chain

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10
Q

Saturated Hydrocarbons

A

Hydrocarbon that contains only single Carbon-Carbon bonds (alkanes)

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11
Q

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

A

Hydrocarbon that contains one or more double or triple Carbon-Carbon bond (alkenes or alkynes)

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12
Q

Alkanes

A
  • Saturated Hydrocarbons
  • Consist entirely of SINGLE bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms
  • Have the general formula CnH2n+2
  • Names end in “-ANE”
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13
Q

Alkenes

A
  • Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
  • Contain at least one carbon-carbon DOUBLE bond
  • Have the general formula CnH2n
  • Names end in “ENE”
  • Use a number to show which bond is the double bond.
  • Ex: 1-butene
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14
Q

Alkynes

A
  • Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
  • Contain at least one carbon-carbon TRIPLE bond
  • Have the general formula CnH2n-2
  • Names end in “YNE”
  • Use a number to show which bond is the triple bond.
  • Ex: 2-butyne
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15
Q

What is a general formula used for:

A

To find the number of hydrogens based on the amount of carbons

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16
Q

Structural Formulas

A

Shows the arrangement of atoms and bonds

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17
Q

Molecular Formulas

A

Tell how many of each atom are present in a molecule

ex: C2H6

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18
Q

Condensed Formulas

A

Symbols of atoms are listed in order as they appear in the molecule’s structure.
Write each carbon on the main chain followed by what is bonded to it

ex: CH3CH2CHCHCH2CH3

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19
Q

Isomers

A

2 compounds with the same molecular formula, but different structures

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20
Q

What method separates crude oil?

A

Fractional Distillation

-Hydrocarbons with less carbon are less dense and rise up the column

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21
Q

Using the General Formula

A

Plug in # of carbons for n to find # of hydrogens

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22
Q

Use prefixes for:

A

Assign based on how many carbons are present and end in “ane” “ene” or “yne” (homologous series)

23
Q

If the diagram has one double bond but the rest are single, is it an alkane or an alkene?

A

Alkene! Even if it has one double bond you use that!

24
Q

What does the number before the name compound mean?

ex: 3-pentene

A

That’s where the double bond would be!

25
Q

Naming Branched Hydrocarbons

A
  1. Find the longest continuous chain of carbons
  2. Name the branches that are not part of the longest chain
  3. Number your carbon chain to tell where the branch is located
26
Q

Branch Name TIPS

A

Use Table P prefixes with -yl ending

1-C → methyl
2-C → ethyl
3-C → propyl

-Always start from the side closest to your alkyl group.**
Here, the branch is located off of carbon #2. Smallest #

27
Q

What if multiple branches have the same name?

A

2,2,4-TRImethyl-pentane

28
Q

Halides

A

-Hydrogen atoms are replaced with an atom from Group 17 (F, Cl, Br, or I)

29
Q

Naming Halides

A
  • Use number locators to indicate which carbon the halogen is on
  • Use prefix for that halogen
  • Name the alkane
30
Q

Alcohols

A

End in OH

31
Q

Naming Alcohols

A
  • Number the carbon with the -OH
  • Name the alkane
  • Replace the “-e” and add “-ol”
32
Q

Organic Acids

A
  • Compound containing a -COOH group

- COOH group always at the end of the compound!

33
Q

Naming Organic Acids

A
  • Name parent alkane
  • Drop “e”
  • Add “-oic acid”
34
Q

Aldehydes

A
  • Contains a CHO at end

- CHO is always at the end, so no number locator is necessary

35
Q

Naming Aldehydes

A

Name parent chain

Add “anal”

36
Q

Ketones

A

Contain an O double bonded to a carbon in the middle of a hydrocarbon chain

37
Q

Naming Ketones

A

Name parent alkane
Add “anone”
-Use number locator to state where the double bond O is

38
Q

Ether

A

Contains a -O- in the middle of a hydrocarbon chain

39
Q

Naming Ethers

A

Name shortest chain +”-yl”
Name longest chain + “-yl”
Add the word “ether”

ex: methyl ethyl ether

40
Q

Esters

A
  • Contains a -COOCH- group in the middle

- Fragrant organic molecules

41
Q

Naming Esters

A

-Name the carbon chain next to the ester, add “-yl”
-Name the parent chain
Add “-anoate”

42
Q

Amine

A

Contain “NH2” anywhere in chain

43
Q

Naming Amines

A
  • Name parent alkane chain
  • Add “amine”
  • Use number locators to tell location of amine group!
44
Q

Amide

A
  • Contains a -CONH2 group

- Always on first or last carbon!

45
Q

Naming Amides

A
  • Name parent chain

- Add “amide”

46
Q

Combustion

A

Reactants: Hydrocarbon + O2 (oxygen)
Products: Carbon dioxide and H2O

47
Q

Substitution

A

Reactants: saturated hydrocarbon + halogen (The compound is already saturated, so the element it reacts with replaces one Hydrogen)

Products: Halide and Acid

48
Q

Addition

A

Reactants: unsaturated hydrocarbon + halogen (the element is added by breaking the double bond.)

Product: Halide

49
Q

Esterification

A

Reactants: Organic Acid + Alcohol
Products: Ester and Water

50
Q

Saponification

A

Reactants: Fat + Strong Base

Products: Soap + Alcohol

51
Q

Fermentation

A

Reactants: Sugar

Products: Carbon dioxide + Alcohol

52
Q

Addition Polymerization

A

Reactants: Unsaturated monomers

Product: Polymer (created by breaking the double bonds to link the monomers together)

53
Q

Condensation Polymerization

A

Reactants: Monomers
(Remove a water to allow bonds)

Products: Polymer + H2O

Pre AP Chemistry (11 decks)

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