Organic Compounds

Question 1

What is organic chemistry

Answer 1

The study of carbon containing compounds

Question 2

Hydrocarbons

Answer 2

Compounds containing carbon and hydrogen

Question 3

What must all organic compounds contain

Answer 3

Carbon and hydrogen

Question 4

How many bonds does carbon need

Answer 4

4

Question 5

Melting point and boiling pt of organic compounds

Answer 5

LOW

*More carbons = higher boiling point

Question 6

Small hydrocarbons tend to be gases while larger ones are:

Answer 6

Liquids and waxes

Question 7

Solubility of Organic compounds

Answer 7

“Likes dissolve likes”

Hydrocarbons are nonpolar.
Water is Polar. LOW

Question 8

Conductivity of organic compounds

Answer 8

LOW

• covalent, molecular
• non conductors

Question 9

Homologous Series

Answer 9

A group of organic compounds whose structures differ only by the number of CH2 units in the main carbon chain

Question 10

Saturated Hydrocarbons

Answer 10

Hydrocarbon that contains only single Carbon-Carbon bonds (alkanes)

Question 11

Unsaturated Hydrocarbons

Answer 11

Hydrocarbon that contains one or more double or triple Carbon-Carbon bond (alkenes or alkynes)

Question 12

Alkanes

Answer 12

• Saturated Hydrocarbons
• Consist entirely of SINGLE bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms
• Have the general formula CnH2n+2
• Names end in “-ANE”

Question 13

Alkenes

Answer 13

• Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
• Contain at least one carbon-carbon DOUBLE bond
• Have the general formula CnH2n
• Names end in “ENE”
• Use a number to show which bond is the double bond.
• Ex: 1-butene

Question 14

Alkynes

Answer 14

• Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
• Contain at least one carbon-carbon TRIPLE bond
• Have the general formula CnH2n-2
• Names end in “YNE”
• Use a number to show which bond is the triple bond.
• Ex: 2-butyne

Question 15

What is a general formula used for:

Answer 15

To find the number of hydrogens based on the amount of carbons

Question 16

Structural Formulas

Answer 16

Shows the arrangement of atoms and bonds

Question 17

Molecular Formulas

Answer 17

Tell how many of each atom are present in a molecule

ex: C2H6

Question 18

Condensed Formulas

Answer 18

Symbols of atoms are listed in order as they appear in the molecule’s structure.
Write each carbon on the main chain followed by what is bonded to it

ex: CH3CH2CHCHCH2CH3

Question 19

Isomers

Answer 19

2 compounds with the same molecular formula, but different structures

Question 20

What method separates crude oil?

Answer 20

Fractional Distillation

-Hydrocarbons with less carbon are less dense and rise up the column

Question 21

Using the General Formula

Answer 21

Plug in # of carbons for n to find # of hydrogens

Question 22

Use prefixes for:

Answer 22

Assign based on how many carbons are present and end in “ane” “ene” or “yne” (homologous series)

Question 23

If the diagram has one double bond but the rest are single, is it an alkane or an alkene?

Answer 23

Alkene! Even if it has one double bond you use that!

Question 24

What does the number before the name compound mean?

ex: 3-pentene

Answer 24

That’s where the double bond would be!

Question 25

Naming Branched Hydrocarbons

Answer 25

1. Find the longest continuous chain of carbons 2. Name the branches that are not part of the longest chain 3. Number your carbon chain to tell where the branch is located

Question 26

Branch Name TIPS

Answer 26

*Use Table P prefixes with -yl ending* 1-C → methyl 2-C → ethyl 3-C → propyl -Always start from the side closest to your alkyl group.** Here, the branch is located off of carbon #2. Smallest #

Question 27

What if multiple branches have the same name?

Answer 27

2,2,4-TRImethyl-pentane

Question 28

Halides

Answer 28

-Hydrogen atoms are replaced with an atom from Group 17 (F, Cl, Br, or I)

Question 29

Naming Halides

Answer 29

- Use number locators to indicate which carbon the halogen is on - Use prefix for that halogen - Name the alkane

Question 30

Alcohols

Answer 30

End in OH

Question 31

Naming Alcohols

Answer 31

- Number the carbon with the -OH - Name the alkane - Replace the “-e” and add “-ol”

Question 32

Organic Acids

Answer 32

- Compound containing a -COOH group | - COOH group always at the end of the compound!

Question 33

Naming Organic Acids

Answer 33

- Name parent alkane - Drop “e” - Add “-oic acid”

Question 34

Aldehydes

Answer 34

- Contains a CHO at end | - CHO is always at the end, so no number locator is necessary

Question 35

Naming Aldehydes

Answer 35

Name parent chain | Add “anal”

Question 36

Ketones

Answer 36

Contain an O double bonded to a carbon in the middle of a hydrocarbon chain

Question 37

Naming Ketones

Answer 37

Name parent alkane Add “anone” -Use number locator to state where the double bond O is

Question 38

Ether

Answer 38

Contains a -O- in the middle of a hydrocarbon chain

Question 39

Naming Ethers

Answer 39

Name shortest chain +”-yl” Name longest chain + “-yl” Add the word “ether” ex: methyl ethyl ether

Question 40

Esters

Answer 40

- Contains a -COOCH- group in the middle | - Fragrant organic molecules

Question 41

Naming Esters

Answer 41

-Name the carbon chain next to the ester, add “-yl” -Name the parent chain Add “-anoate”

Question 42

Amine

Answer 42

Contain “NH2” anywhere in chain

Question 43

Naming Amines

Answer 43

- Name parent alkane chain - Add “amine” - Use number locators to tell location of amine group!

Question 44

Amide

Answer 44

- Contains a -CONH2 group | - Always on first or last carbon!

Question 45

Naming Amides

Answer 45

- Name parent chain | - Add “amide”

Question 46

Combustion

Answer 46

Reactants: Hydrocarbon + O2 (oxygen) Products: Carbon dioxide and H2O

Question 47

Substitution

Answer 47

Reactants: saturated hydrocarbon + halogen (The compound is already saturated, so the element it reacts with replaces one Hydrogen) Products: Halide and Acid

Question 48

Addition

Answer 48

Reactants: unsaturated hydrocarbon + halogen (the element is added by breaking the double bond.) Product: Halide

Question 49

Esterification

Answer 49

Reactants: Organic Acid + Alcohol Products: Ester and Water

Question 50

Saponification

Answer 50

Reactants: Fat + Strong Base Products: Soap + Alcohol

Question 51

Fermentation

Answer 51

Reactants: Sugar Products: Carbon dioxide + Alcohol

Question 52

Addition Polymerization

Answer 52

Reactants: Unsaturated monomers Product: Polymer (created by breaking the double bonds to link the monomers together)

Question 53

Condensation Polymerization

Answer 53

Reactants: Monomers (Remove a water to allow bonds) Products: Polymer + H2O