Periodic Structure and Trends

Question 1

On an ionization energy chart, which value is usually the smallest and why?

Answer 1

The first because it does not require a lot of energy to remove the first valence electron from an alkali or alkaline earth metal.

Question 2

What is ionization?

Answer 2

The process by which an atom or molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing an electron.

Question 3

What happens as you move from left to right on the periodic table?

Answer 3

The effective nuclear charge (Zeff) increases
The atomic radius decreases
Ionization energy increases
Electronegativity increases

Question 4

What happens when you move from top to bottom on the periodic table?

Answer 4

The effective nuclear charge (Zeff) decreases

The atomic radius increases

Question 5

Atoms on the same column moving top to bottom are said to be in… ?

Answer 5

Groups or families

Question 6

Atoms on the same rows moving left to right are said to be in… ?

Answer 6

Periods

Question 7

What do atoms in the same group have in common?

Answer 7

Same number of valence electrons and tend to share the same physical and chemical properties.

Question 8

What are some properties of metals?

Answer 8

Good electrical conductors, shiny, ductile and malleable, and usually solid under standard conditions.

Question 9

What are some properties of nonmetals?

Answer 9

Not lustrous, and poor electrical conductors.

Question 10

What are some properties of metalloids?

Answer 10

Share traits of metals and nonmetals. Most common are Boron and Silicon. They are usually brittle. Poor to decent electrical conductors. And act like nonmetals in chemical reactions.

Question 11

What are the names of the Groups/Families on the periodic table from 1-18.

Answer 11

1. Alkali Metals (besides hydrogen) highly reactive
2. Alkaline Earth Metals
   3-12. Transition Metals
3. Contains first metalloid, Boron
4. Carbon Family
5. Nitrogen Family
6. Chalcogens
7. Halogens- highly reactive
8. Noble Gasses - least reactive, low boiling point,
   lowest electron affinity

Question 12

What is Effective Nuclear Charge (Zeff)?

Answer 12

Attractive force of positively charged nucleus on the atom’s valence electrons.

Question 13

Do atoms with more or less shells have a smaller atomic/ionic radius? Why?

Answer 13

Less shells because nucleus can pull electrons closer to it.

Question 14

Do anions increase or decrease the atomic radius?

Answer 14

Increase

Question 15

Do cations increase or decrease the atomic radius?

Answer 15

Decrease

Question 16

What is Ionization Energy?

Answer 16

The energy needed to remove one valence electron from a neutral atom in the gaseous state (A positive quantity).