Bonding Flashcards
How do you name an ionic compound? (metal + nonmetal)
No prefix on metal and suffix -ide on nonmetal.
How to name a covalent compound (nonmetal + nonmetal)
List in order of electronegativity except carbon first and hydrogen after nitrogen.
The prefixes in covalent bond names are for what and what are the first 5?
They indicate how many atoms of each element are present Mono - 1 Di - 2 Tri - 3 Tetra - 4 Penta - 5
When is the prefix mono left out?
It is left out if there is only one atom in the first element.
What is a polyatomic ion?
Charged species consisting of multiple atoms bonded together.
Define inTRAmolecular forces and list the three types.
They are forces that hold atoms together in molecules.
Covalent
Ionic
Metallic
Define covalent bonds.
(Nonmetal + nonmetal) Share valence electrons. C-H = non polar N-H = moderately polar O-H = Highly polar F-H = Highly polar
Define ionic bonds.
(Metal + nonmetal) Steals valence electrons. Electronegativity exceeds a difference of 1.5. They are stronger than covalent bonds.
Define metallic bonds.
(Metal + Metal) Electrons become delocalized. Makes it great for conducting heat.
What is a dipole-moment?
Forms when more electronegative atom pulls electrons closer to itself and forms a partial negative and partial positive charge. The vector points towards the partial negative. Vectors can cancel out and become non-polar..
Define inTERmolecular forces and list five types in order from weakest to strongest.
They are interactions between molecules. Weaker than intramolecular forces. Attractions between positive or partial positive and negative or partial negative regions of different molecules.
1. London Dispersion - larger structures have more.
temporary dipoles arise by chance between any
molecules
2. Dipole-Dipole Interactions - stable dipoles (found in
polar molecules)
3.Hydrogen Bonds - strong D-DI. Occurs between H and
FON
4. Ion-Dipole Forces- between ions and molecules with a
dipole and a full charge
5. Ionic Interactions (usually between peptide hormones
and receptor on the cell membrane)
Do stronger intermolecular forces have high or lower melting/boiling points?
Higher
What is the difference between polar protic and polar aprotic solvents?
Polar protic solvents are capable of hydrogen bonding while polar aprotic solvents are not.
Define eluted.
Remove (an absorbed substance) with a solvent. The first solvent to be eluted is usually the most different from the solvent being used.
What is a coordinated covalent bond?
It is formed when an electron pair acceptor such as Cobalt binds with an electron pair donor such as ammonia. (Lewis Theory)
