Period 8: 1945-1980

Question 1

A policy based in the belief that if communism could be kept within its existing boundaries, it would collapse under the weight of its internal weaknesses

Answer 1

Containment

Question 2

1947 policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology, mainly helped Greece and Turkey

Answer 2

Truman Doctrine

Question 3

A plan that the US came up with to revive war-torn economies of Europe. This plan offered $13 billion in aid to western and Southern Europe.

Answer 3

Marshall Plan

Question 4

1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of West Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin

Answer 4

Berlin Airlift

Question 5

The First peace time alliance the United States belonged to. It made a promise to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries

Answer 5

NATO

Question 6

1950’s Wisconsin senator claimed to have list of communists in the state department but no credible evidence; took advantage of fears of communism post WWII to become incredibly influential

Answer 6

Joseph McCarthy

Question 7

A congressional committee that investigated Hollywood for communist sympathizers

Answer 7

House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

Question 8

Wars in which the superpowers backed different sides that acted as substitutes (proxies) for the superpowers themselves examples would be the Korean War and the Vietnam war.

Answer 8

Proxy War

Question 9

First artificial Earth satellite, it was launched by Moscow in 1957 and sparked U.S. fears of Soviet dominance in technology and outer space. It led to the creation of NASA and the space race.

Answer 9

Sputnik

Question 10

The collapse of colonial empires. Between 1947 and 1962, practically all former colonies in Asia and Africa gained independence.

Answer 10

Decolonization

Question 11

Vietnamese leader who is responsible for ousting first the French, then the United States from his country. Supported by both communist China and the Soviet Union he achieved his goal of a united communist Vietnam in 1975

Answer 11

Ho Chi Minh

Question 12

An unsuccessful invasion of Cuba in 1961, which was sponsored by the United States. Its purpose was to overthrow Cuban dictator Fidel Castro.

Answer 12

Bay of Pigs

Question 13

1962 A Brink-of-war confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over the latter’s placement of nuclear-armed missiles in Cuba. The Soviet Union turned back with concessions from the U.S. that missiles would be removed from Turkey and that the U.S. would not invade Cuba.

Answer 13

Cuban Missile Crisis

Question 14

1964 Congressional resolution that authorized President Johnson to commit US troops to South Vietnam and fight a war against North Vietnam.

Answer 14

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Question 15

1968; North Vietnamese forces launched a huge attack on the Vietnamese New Year (Tet). The U.S. won the battles but Americans reacted sharply, with declining approval of LBJ and more anti-war sentiment.

Answer 15

Tet Offensive

Question 16

1950s plan to build 41,000 mi of highway; met the need of suburban growth and was a means to transport missiles

Answer 16

Interstate Highway Act

Question 17

1954 court decision that declared state laws segregating schools to be unconstitutional. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Answer 17

Brown v. Board of Education

Question 18

Non violent protest where people sit at lunch counters and refuse to leave until served

Answer 18

Sit-Ins

Question 19

This was part of President Johnson’s war on poverty. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education

Answer 19

The Great Society

Question 20

1964; This act made racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights, including desegregation of schools and public places.

Answer 20

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Question 21

1965; A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage. Under the law, hundreds of thousands of African Americans were registered and the number of African American elected officials increased dramatically.

Answer 21

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Question 22

A botched Republican engineered break-in of the Democratic National Committee headquarters in Washington D.C., that eventually forced Nixon to resign in 1974.

Answer 22

Watergate Scandal

Question 23

Abolished the national-origins quotas and providing for the admission each year of 170,000 immigrants from the Eastern Hemisphere and 120,000 from the Western Hemisphere

Answer 23

Immigration Act of 1965

Question 24

Formed by Jerry Falwell. Organization made up of conservative Christian political action committees which campaigned on issues its personnel believed were important to maintaining its Christian conception of moral law (e.g. banning abortion)

Answer 24

Moral Majority