Period 4: 1800-1848, pt. 2

Question 1

John Quincy Adams won more electoral votes but lost the popular vote to Andrew Jackson; Henry Clay threw his supporters behind Adams in exchange for becoming Secretary of State; “corrupt bargain”

Answer 1

Election of 1824

Question 2

passed by Congress in 1828, designed to protect industry in the Northern United States; the resulting tax on foreign goods would raise the cost of living in the South and would cut into the profits of New England’s industrialists.

Answer 2

“Tariff of Abominations”

Question 3

returned the country to a two-party system; rematch of John Q. Adams and Andrew Jackson; expansion of white male suffrage; a turning point in democratic elections in the U.S.

Answer 3

1828 Election

Question 4

the practice of a winning political party giving public office positions to its supporters; started by Andrew Jackson, not commonplace.

Answer 4

spoils system

Question 5

a term used by political opponents of U.S. President Andrew Jackson to describe his collection of unofficial advisors.

Answer 5

“Kitchen Cabinet”

Question 6

1830 law; authorized the president to negotiate with southern Native American tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for white settlement of their ancestral lands.

Answer 6

Indian Removal Act

Question 7

an 1831 United States Supreme Court case; the Cherokee Nation sought a federal order against laws passed by the U.S. state of Georgia depriving them of rights within its boundaries, but the Supreme Court did not hear the case on its merits.

Answer 7

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

Question 8

1832 Supreme Court decision that struck down a Georgia law that saw the arrest of Samuel Worchester for living on Cherokee lands; the decision solidified that treaties made with Native American tribes were federal mandates and that states could not interfere in any way with native lands.

Answer 8

Worchester v. Georgia

Question 9

a mid-19th-century American art movement embodied by a group of landscape painters influenced by Romanticism. The paintings typically depict the Northeast landscape

Answer 9

Hudson River School

Question 10

a social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages; operated throughout the 1800s and early 1900s

Answer 10

Temperance

Question 11

State _____ chosen to absorb funds after President Andrew Jackson vetoed the recharter for the Second Bank of the United States; flooded the U.S. markets with paper currency, leading to the Panic of 1837.

Answer 11

Pet Banks

Question 12

a philosophy that sought to define gender roles in the nineteenth century; a women’s place was in the home to create a strong moral environment for her children and husband; a man’s place was in the workplace

Answer 12

cult of domesticity

Question 13

the first women’s rights convention in New York, 1848; created a historic document, the ‘Declaration of Sentiments,’ which demanded equal social status and legal rights for women, including the right to vote.

Answer 13

Seneca Falls Convention

Question 14

formed in 1817 to send free African-Americans to Africa as an alternative to emancipation in the United States. In 1822, the society established on the west coast of Africa a colony that in 1847 became the independent nation of Liberia.

Answer 14

American Colonization Society

Question 15

a movement to end the practice of slavery; gained more traction in the 1840s

Answer 15

Abolitionism

Question 16

abolitionist; editor of the abolitionist newspaper “The Liberator”, a founder of the American Anti-Slavery Society

Answer 16

William Lloyd Garrison

Question 17

one of the most prominent African American figures in the abolitionist movement; escaped from slavery in maryland whopublished his own antislavery newspaper called the “North Star”

Answer 17

Frederick Douglass

Question 18

an American essayist, poet, and philosopher; a leading transcendentalist; best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay “Civil Disobedience”, an argument for disobedience to an unjust state.

Answer 18

Henry David Thoreau

Question 19

a person that owned property (real estate) and at least 20 slaves; this elite group in Southern society had much power in politics as well

Answer 19

Planter aristocracy

Question 20

classification for an American socio-cultural group, of generally Western and/or Northern European descent, with origins in the Southern United States and in Appalachia.

Answer 20

poor whites

Question 21

a new religious movement in the mid-1800s; the name was based on ecstatic dances that were a part of their worship; they believed that God had a male and female component.

Answer 21

Shakers