Period 5: The Civil War Flashcards
government authorities must justify their arrest and detention of an individual; during the Civil War, Lincoln suspended this practice to stop protests against the draft and other anti-Union activities
habeas corpus
slaves that fled plantations and sought protection behind Union lines
“contrabands”
issued January 1, 1863; legally abolished slavery in all Confederate states; this did not immediately end slavery but signaled its future end.
Emancipation Proclamation
paper money issued by the U.S. during the Civil War to finance the war effort
greenbacks
adopted by the Confederacy in 1863; required all farmers to turn over a tenth of their crops and livestock to the government; caused hardship for poor southern families
one-tenth tax
the system for selecting individuals for conscription, or mandatory military service; first implemented in the Civil War
draft (conscription)
law adopted by the Confederate Congress that exempted one man from military service for every 20 slaves owned; the law worsened class resentments between poor whites and the slaveholding class
twenty-Negro rule
violent protests against conscription in the North, most dramatically in New York City; led by working-class men
draft riots
guidelines for Union soldiers to follow; all prisoners must be treated equally regardless of their race; justified military actions if they were “necessary” and “hasten surrender”; torture was outlawed
Lieber Code
group that supported the Union war effort through professional and volunteer medical aid.
U.S. Sanitary Commission
an organization of Unionist women that supported the war effort; hoped that the government would recognize women’s patriotism with voting rights after the war
Women’s Loyal National League
1863 speech from Abraham Lincoln to help dedicate a national cemetery at the site of a previous battlefield; only 272 words long; urged for a “new birth of freedom”
Gettysburg Address
philosophy and tactics used by General Sherman, treating southern civilians as enemy combatants
“hard war”
a derogatory word for interracial relationships; term was coined by Democrats in 1864 as a political attack
miscegenation
order by General Sherman granting confiscation of land for formerly enslaved families in Georgia and South Carolina; later reversed during the post-Reconstruction period
Special Field Order No. 15
