Period 1 and 2: 1491-1754 Flashcards

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1
Q

maize

A

also known as corn, a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago

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2
Q

Great Plains

A

broad plateau region stretching from central Texas to Canada and the Rocky Mountains and eastern woodlands; primarily grasslands that support grazing

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3
Q

Mississippian Culture

A

Native American culture the flourished between 850-1700 AD; maize agriculture, moundbuilding, complex chiefdoms; Cahokia

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4
Q

hunter-gatherer

A

societies whose members gather food by collecting and hunting rather than relying on agriculture; typically are moving seasonally;

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5
Q

Columbian Exchange

A

global exchange of animals, humans, plants, and diseases between Eastern and Western Hemispheres

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6
Q

New World

A

the previously unknown (to Europeans) continents of the Americas

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7
Q

capitalism

A

an economic system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state; European colonization helped to establish this system

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8
Q

maritime

A

connected with the sea, especially in relation to seafaring commercial or military activity; European nations in the post-Renaissance period

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9
Q

epidemics

A

wide-spread, contagious sickness that threatens a community; smallpox brought from Europe to indigenous Americans.

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10
Q

conquistadores

A

a Spanish soldier of the 16th and 17th centuries that explored the Americas; conquered natives

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11
Q

encomienda

A

a grant of Indian labor in 16th century Spanish America to prominent men; Native Americans must pay tribute to Spain in exchange for protection

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12
Q

joint-stock

A

English financial organizations that made North American colonization easier; investors pooled together money to receive stock in the colony; ex. Jamestown

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13
Q

casta system

A

hierarchical system of racial classification by colonial elites in Latin America; used to make sense of the patterns of racial mixing in Spanish colonies

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14
Q

subjugation

A

the conquering of groups of people; colonization of the Americas led to this practice.

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15
Q

indigenous

A

the natural and native inhabitants or organisms to a certain area.

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16
Q

decimation

A

to kill or damage large numbers of something; disease impact on Native Americans due to European incursion.

17
Q

Mestizos

A

persons born of Spanish and Native American parents; ; limited politcal status, but above full blooded Native Americans and African slaves in the casta system.

18
Q

Peninsulares

A

Spaniards born in Spain who traveled to a Spanish colony; top of the casta system

19
Q

Creoles

A

persons born in a Spanish colony, to Spanish parents; the second row of the casta system, just below Peninsulares