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period 7 Flashcards

1890-1945

1
Q

US foreign policy in America pre 1900s

A

defined by Monroe Doctrine in 1823 which declared that European powers could not interfere with the western hemisphere

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2
Q

Frederick Jackson Turner’s “Frontier Thesis”

A

-displayed importance of expansion
-influenced push for an American empire

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3
Q

Imperialists

A

-desire for raw materials (gold discovered in alaska)
-new markets for American made goods
-social darwinism (Josiah Strong - duty to spread christianity and white supremacy)
-American Exceptionalism
-growth of navy (Alfred Thayer Mahan)
-national security

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4
Q

Anti-imperialists

A

-self-determination for all nations (same argument colonial Americans used to reject British rule)
-America had a history of isolationism (George Washington’s farewell speech)
-argued constitution should follow the flag to hide their true argument
-William Jennings Bryan (democratic/populist)

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5
Q

Spanish-American War causes (1898)

A

-America wanted to acquire Cuba from Spain
-declared by president McKinley

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6
Q

Teller Amendment

A

-part of the US declaration of war against Spain, stating the US would not annex Cuba after the war and would leave the island independent
-later contradicted by Platt amendment

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7
Q

Yellow journalism

A

-journalism that was over exaggerated and misleading
-exaggerated the atrocities of Spain against the Cubans –> public conclusion that the US must intervene

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8
Q

USS Maine

A

-American battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor
-yellow journalists claimed it was ignited by the spanish

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9
Q

Spanish American War effects (1898)

A

-US won and was launched into the imperial game
-**more interventionist
-Cuba gained independence BUT the Platt amendment allowed the US to intervene if American economic interests were threatened
-Philippines was ceded to the US –> Filipinos under Emilio Aguinaldo rebelled (Filippino American War (1899-1902)) but US held on
-annexation of (independent) Hawaii 1898

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10
Q

Open Door Policy with China

A

-China was economically carved up into European spheres of influence
-spearheaded by Secretary of State John Hay, advocating for equal trade and investment opportunities in China

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11
Q

Roosevelt Corollary

A

1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the US has the right to protect its economic interests in South and Central America by using military force

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12
Q

Progressive era causes

A

-growing power of big businesses
-uncertainties in economy
-violent conflicts btwn labor groups and employers
-political machine power
-Jim Crow segregation
-alcohol
-lack of women suffrage
etc……..

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13
Q

Progressive era

A

-response to lack of govt in gilded age
-need for societal change with HEAVY GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION
-attempt to expand democracy
-legislative reforms (initiatives, referendums, and recall)

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14
Q

Muckrakers

A

-new breed of investigative journalists in progressive era who sought to expose corruption
-Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, Jacob Riis

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15
Q

secret ballot

A

introduced to cut off power of political machines and truly put voting power in hands of people

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16
Q

17th amendment

A

direct election of senators

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17
Q

18th amendment

A

-prohibition
-mainly fought for by women
-led to an increase in organized crime

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18
Q

19th amendment 1920

A

women’s right to vote

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19
Q

Teddy Roosevelt (“progressive president”)

A

-Square deal (regulation of railroad rates and pure foods and drugs; a fair deal for
average citizens
and businessmen)
-Trust buster - reinforced the Sherman Antitrust act to break up BAD monopolistic businesses
-Pure Food and Drug act, meat inspection act
-Conservationist w/ John Muir
-“Big Stick policy” - foreign policy that involved using military strength and the threat of force to achieve diplomatic goals

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20
Q

Dollar Diplomacy

A

foreign policy of president William Howard Taft aimed at promoting American economic influence Latin America and Asia through financial investments and loans, rather than military intervention

21
Q

Moral Diplomacy

A

President Woodrow Wilson’s foreign policy approach that prioritized promoting democracy and moral values over national self-interest, influencing U.S. involvement in World War I

22
Q

What brought the US out of isolation and into World War 1?

A

-sinking of Lusitania by Germans enraged Wilson and US public (not immediate cause)
-continuous German unrestricted submarine warfare
-IMMEDIATE cause - interception of Zimmerman telegram (German alliance w/ Mexico against the US)

23
Q

14 points

A

-laid out by president Wilson for the Treaty of Versailles 1918
-would establish self-determination, league of nations, and little vengeance on Germany
-Wilson got sick and so Britain and France got their way in punishing Germany

24
Q

Taylorism

A

scientific management to more efficiently produce goods on the homefront

25
Great migration
mass migration of African Americans to the north to escape brutal racism and get jobs **internal migration pattern
26
Henry Ford
introduced assembly line for his motor T automobile, allowing for mass production
27
Espionage and Sedition acts
-passed during World War I, criminalized disloyal, profane, or abusive language about the U.S. government -SUPPRESSION OF FIRST AMENDMENT RIGHTS
28
Schenk v. United States
Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes upheld Schenk's conviction ruling that free speech could be limited if it presented a "clear and present danger" to national security
29
Eugene V Debs
labor leader, socialist politician, and a prominent advocate for workers' rights during a time of industrialization, economic inequality, and political corruption.
30
Red Scare
-period of intense fear of communism, anarchism, and radicalism, particularly after World War I and the Russian Revolution -caused PALMER RAIDS -series of arrests and deportations of suspected communists, socialists, and anarchists
31
Women in the 1920s
-flappers challenged traditional ideals of clothing and hair -TRADIONALISM VS MODERNISM
32
Scopes Trial
1925 trial in Tennessee, centered around the legality of teaching evolution in schools, highlighting the clash between fundamentalist religious views and modernist scientific thought (TRADITIONALISM VS MODERNISM)
33
National Origins Act
established strict immigration quotas favoring Northern and Western Europeans while severely limiting immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe and virtually excluding Asians
34
Harlem Renaissance
-period of vibrant cultural and artistic expression by African Americans -sparked by Great Migration
35
"Lost Generation"
-criticizes of WW1 -small town values and fundamental religious views
36
Sacco and Vanzetti
Italian immigrants convicted of murder and executed in 1927, became a symbol of nativism, anti-immigrant sentiment, and political intolerance
37
Marcus Garvey and Garveyism
promotion of Black nationalism and racial pride, advocating for economic independence and the creation of Black institutions, contrasting with the integrationist approach of W.E.B. Du Bois.
38
President Herbert Hoover
-believed in a laissez-faire approach during great depression -republican -wanted localism (state/local govts should make changes) and volunteerism (business owners should stop pay cuts)--> unrealistic beliefs
39
causes of Great Depression
-farmers overproduced and were in debt -high tariffs -buying on margin -Smoot-Hawley Tariff: passed in 1930, significantly raised U.S. import duties, aiming to protect American businesses and farmers but decreased global trade
40
Black Tuesday
-stock market crashed on October 29, 1929 -mark of the start of great depression
41
Hoovervilles
symbol of the widespread poverty and homelessness, reflecting public anger at the lack of government assistance during great depression
42
Franklin D Roosevelt (FDR)
-became president in 1932 after Hoover -used MORE govt intervention to combat great depression
43
FDR's New Deal
-relief, recovery, and reform -birth of modern american liberalism
44
fireside chats
-radio addresses by FDR -key tool for communicating with the American public during the Great Depression and World War II, fostering trust in his leadership
45
Hundred days
the first 100 days of FDR's presidency (1933), during which he enacted a series of New Deal programs to address the Great Depression.
46
Court Packing
FDR's proposal to appoint justices who would support his New Deal policies, but it ultimately failed to pass Congress
47
Dust Bowl
-dust storm caused by over farming in the 1930s, devastated the Great Plains region, exacerbating the Great Depression, and led to significant migration (internal migration pattern)
48
Criticisms of New Deal
Democratics though the govt wasn’t going far enough while republicans thought it was too much govt intervention

APUSH (5 decks)

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