Period 6 1865-1898 Flashcards
J.P Morgan
Very successful banker
-bought US Steele (first $billion company)
John D Rockefeller
Standard oil
- 90-95% of the oil refineries in the us
- reduced prices to make competitors bankrupt
Andrew carnegie
Steel
- Bessemer steel production (cheaper)
- worked and supplied rail roads
Vanderbilt
Rail road Barron
NYC to Chicago rout
Vertical integration
Horizontal integration
Smaller companies combine to form a larger one
Vertical integration
Company controls all phases of manufacturing (mining to market)
-easy and cheaper to get supplies
Robber baron
Business leaders who use politics to get $ and benefits
- pay official
- support officials in exchange for new laws
Sherman-anti-trust act 1890
Tried to break up monopolies
-not originally enforced
Gilded age
Term by mark twain
-looks good but underneath its not
Panic of 1893
Railroads expanded to fast
- lines to nowhere
- banks failed
Knights of labor 1869
Organized unions
- labor bureau created
- led HAYMARKET STRIKE
Great railroad strike 1877
Shut down 2/3 of us railroads
- 500,000 protesters
- put down by federal government
HAYMARKET square 1886
Wanted 8hr workday
- bomb went off –done
- 100,000 workers
Homestead strike 1892
Steel factory
- against wage reductions
- violent
- put down by Pinkerton and militia
Pullman strike 1894
Put down by Cleveland because the blocked us mail shipments
American Federation of Labor (AFL) 1886
Sam Gompers
- skilled crafts worker union
- better pay, less hours, better conditions
Samuel Gompers
Leader of the American federation of labor
-skilled workers union
Mother jones
- wanted to help works and be their voice
- supported rr strikes
- helped advocate for coal miners
The new south
Industrial growth
New transportation
-capitalist
-self-sufficient
Crop-lien systems (Sharecropping, tenant farming)
Loan $ to new farmers (free blacks)
- give a share of the crops in return and to purchase stuff
- went they can’t pay, they work whites farms (slave)
Grange 1867
Farmers movement against the high TRANSPORTATION and STORAGE cost that the railroads charged
Granger laws
Regulated railroad rates and storage costs (kinda)
Farmers alliance
- got federal rr regulations
- started POPULIST PARTY
People’s (POPULIST) party 1891
Designed to appeal to all workers
- supported large government role
- more direct democracy
Omaha platform 1892
Populist platform
- free silver coinage
- income taxes
- Rr regulations
Gold standard
By McKinley
- all paper $ backed by us bank
- gold reserves
Free silver
Movement to us silver to back $
-not accepted because other countries used silver
William Jennings Bryan 1896
3 times presidential candidate
-populist party candidate
Old immigrants vs new
Old- northern European
Highly skilled
English speaking
New- southern/eastern Europe
Close-knit community
Uneducated, poor, unskilled
Railroad subsidies
Us gave railroads land surrounding them
- railroads could sell land for profit
Morrill land grant acts 1862 + 1890
Sale of public land given to the state
- establish school
- agricultural colleges
Frederick Jackson Turner
Humanity can only progress if there is land to move into.
Crazy horse
- Nez Perce leader
- gold diggers went on his land
- tire do escape to Canada
Sitting bull
- souix leader
- forced into Canada
Great Sioux Warb1876-1881
Sitting Bull
- whites wanted his land
- forced him and tribe into Canada
Little big horn 1876
Custer vs Sioux
-Custer was killed
Chief Joseph
Nez Perce Leader
- tired to go to Canada
- was forced to return
Dawes Severalty act 1887
Attempted to turn Indians white
- broke tribes apart and redistributed them
- head got 160 acres each
Ghost dance
Tired to call past spirits to kill the whites
Massacre at wounded knee 1890
Sioux left reservation in protest
- us killed 150 Indians
- last great conflict
Credit mobilier
Union pacific
- made its own rr construction company
- hired and overplayed itself
Tweed ring (Tammany hall)
Gave $, care, jobs, education, representation, friendship to NEW IMMIGRANTS
- for: vote and upcoming development info
- used info to overcharge projects
Mugwumps
Republicans who supported Cleveland (d)
-didn’t like corrupt Blaine (r)
Pendleton act 1883
Federal employes now selected based on merit (not party)
-civil service commission
Interstate compress act 1887
Federal gov can oversee it
-rr must publicize rates and file with the government
Chinese exclusion act 1882
No new Chinese laborers into USA (till ww2)
American protective association 1887
Anti-immigrants
Jim crow laws
Separate but equal
Segregation————-legal—————-
Please vs ferguson 1869
Seperate but equal is ok
Gospel of wealth
By Carnegie
- social Darwinism
- earn your own damn money
- build libraries and schools
Social Darwinism
1850s
Survival of the fittest
-work for your own $
-natural selection
