Period 5 Test (Part 2) Flashcards
1
Q
After Fort Sumter, what was happening?
A
A major Civil War was breaking out.
2
Q
Who fought in the Civil War?
A
USA (North) and CSA (South)
3
Q
What did each side in the war mainly need to fight after Fort Sumter?
A
Battle plans
4
Q
What was the north’s main hope for the Civil War?
A
They hoped it would be a brief war.
5
Q
How long did the north hope the war would last?
A
90 days
6
Q
How did the north hope the war would be over quickly?
A
They could win quickly by blowing the south out of the water, making them realize they have to come back to the Union, and also limiting the losses of life.
7
Q
What was the main southern hope for the Civil War?
A
To have early victories.
8
Q
Why did the south want to have early victories?
A
To how everyone that they were a force to be contended with, no laughing matter to them.
9
Q
How did the South want to have hope in the war by winning early battles?
A
North should take them seriously on States rights and maintaining the Confederacy, they wanted to bolster confidence of their leaders, volunteers and southern people.
10
Q
What kind of army did both the south and north have?
A
Volunteer armies
11
Q
Why did the south need to boost confidence for their volunteers?
A
Because they were willing to fight for CSA and hoped it would gain more volunteers and bolster army numbers.
12
Q
What became the reality of the Civil War for both sides?
A
This would be a long hard fought war, no easy victory for either side.
13
Q
When did both sides figure out the reality of this being a long war?
A
After a few battles
14
Q
What was one of the major parts of the Union battle plan?
A
The Union Blockade
15
Q
What was the other name for the Union Blockade?
A
Anaconda Plan
16
Q
Why was it called the Anaconda Plan?
A
It essentially acts like an anaconda, as it was supposed envelop itself around CSA and try to squeeze the Confederacy into submission.
17
Q
What was the third name for the Anaconda Plan?
A
Scott’s Great Snake
18
Q
Who developed the Anaconda Plan?
A
General Winfield Scott
19
Q
What was General Scott’s nickname?
A
Old Fuss and Feathers
20
Q
What was the ultimate goal of the Anaconda Plan?
A
To envelop itself around the CSA waters and go inland to try to squeeze the Confederacy into submission.
21
Q
How many parts did the Anaconda plan have?
A
2
22
Q
What were the two parts of the Anaconda Plan?
A
- to block major southern ports both in Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico and setup a Naval Blockade
- to seize the Mississippi River
23
Q
What did the Union hope to do by seizing the Mississippi River?
A
They could cut the south in 2 distinctive pieces, which will weaken the south greatly.
24
Q
How was the Anaconda Plan setup?
A
The northern navy setup along the outer flanks of the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico.
25
What did the North need to do to take the Mississippi River?
They needed to take northern troops and march them through the south and take the river from north to south.
26
What place was the major southern port of the Mississippi River?
New Orleans
27
If you captured New Orleans, what is the significance of that?
It was key to controlling the river.
28
What was seizing New Orleans in relation to Scott's Plan?
It would be very crucial to control all the Mississippi ports, the key turning point piece of his plan.
29
What was the plan for the Union Blockade once all the water was controlled by the Union?
They will come inland and squeeze the south into submission.
30
What were the problems with the Anaconda Plan?
- the blockade was passive
- the Northern Navy was not suited for the plan
- There was no direct assault on Richmond
31
How was the Union Blockade passive?
The Navy just sat there in the ocean and the gulf and never really did much, the blockade never really attacked and people wanted a more aggressive plan.
32
How was the Navy not suited for the Anaconda Plan?
We did not have types of necessary ships to enforce either plans, did not have number of ships for blockade, and did not have the battleships necessary to take Mississippi River forts.
33
Why was the Anaconda Plan a problem with it not being an assault on Richmond?
The critics wanted a hard core, aggressive plan of assault that would attack Richmond, the capital as the object of the war was to capture the capital.
34
When the Anaconda Plan was created, was there a clear plan to attack Richmond yet?
No
35
What was the main effect of the Anaconda Plan?
It ultimately worked
36
How did the Anaconda Plan ultimately work?
It did cripple the south, capturing the Mississippi and New Orleans and cutting it in half.
37
Even though the Anaconda Plan worked, what were elements that slowed it down?
We got away from it a bit, but then added to it, not quick and decisive the way Scott felt it would be.
38
After the blockade, what kind of battles were now fought in the Civil War?
series of independently run campaigns
39
What happened to Scott after the Union Blockade went slowly?
It was a blow to his legacy.
40
What were a few examples of Independently Run Campaigns from the Civil War?
- Scott's Union Blockade
- Overland Assault,
- March to the Sea
- Mississippi River Campaign
41
What did Scott think the battle plan would be instead of the group of independently run campaigns?
He thought it would be one cohesive plan.
42
What was the first major battle after Fort Sumter?
First Battle of Bull Run
43
Where was Bull Run located?
Manassass, VA
44
Where is Manassass located?
35 miles SW of Washington, in Manassass junction in Virginia
45
When was the First Battle of Bull Run?
July 21, 1861
46
Who was the Union General at Bull Run?
Brigadier General Irvin McDowell
47
Who was the Confederate General at Bull Run?
Brigadier General PGT Beauregard.
48
What other Southern generals fought at Bull Run?
Joseph Johnston and Thomas Jackson
49
What was General Jackson known as after Bull Run?
Stonewall Jackson
50
Describe how Thomas Jackson became a southern general.
He was a professor from VMI who left teaching duties to become a field general to help CSA in the war.
51
How does each side enter the battle of Manassass?
McDowell will approach Manassass from north, Beauregard comes from South.
52
Where else did southern armies come from in Manassass?
Johnston reinforced from the Northwest.
53
What happened in the battle of Bull Run?
Both Johnston and Beauregard collapse on McDowell and force his troops to retreat and scatter back to Washington.
54
What was the problem with the Union retreat to Washington?
There was no organization to it.
55
Describe how civilians were involved in the battle of Bull Run.
They turned out to watch the battle as if they were spectators, and realized quickly real bullets were exchanged and blood loss was going on.
56
How did the Bull Run spectators respond to seeing the bloody battle?
They tried to get out of the way in their horses and buggies while the Union has to withdraw from the battle.
57
What did the viewers at Bull Run think about the battle before it happened?
That it would be the only battle of the Civil War.
58
Were the Bull Run viewers right about their prediction?
No, as the Union had to withdraw and lost the battle.
59
What were the main effects of the First Bull Run battle?
- Largest and bloodiest battle in US history to the date
- Both sides realized quickly the brutality of this war
- The Union Hokey Pokey of generals began
60
How was Bull Run the Largest and bloodiest battle in US history to date?
We had never seen blood loss on this scale in history on this continent.
61
How did both sides realize the brutality of this war after Bull Run?
They felt it was going to be very ugly and not a very short war, would be long, hard-fought, and drawn out.
62
What event started the Union Hokey Pokey of Generals?
George B. McClellan was named by Lincoln to head Army of the Potomac.
63
What was McClellan's nickname?
Young Napoleon
64
Why was McClellan called Young Napoleon?
He was a great thinker.
65
What were McClellan's war reputations?
He he had a reputation for strategy, understanding strategy, and drilling his troops intensely with obsession.
66
What happens to McClellan when the drilling continues to be over the top?
It gets to a point where Lincoln has to complain to him to fight and stop the drilling.
67
What was the first major campaign for McClellan?
Peninsula Campaign
68
When was the Peninsula Campaign launched?
March 1862
69
Describe how the Peninsula Campaign got started by McClellan.
It took a few months for this campaign to unravel and unfold, and he launched it with 121,500 Union troops.
70
Where did the Peninsula Campaign take place?
South of Washington and Richmond.
71
How did McClellan start fighting in the Peninsula Campaign? What was his goal for his plan?
He brings troops near eastern shores east of Richmond and launches attack from south and tries to get overland to Richmond.
72
What was the major problem that caused the Peninsula Campaign attack to be slower?
McClellan drilled his army way too much and over planned the attack, which took too much time.
73
How did Lincoln feel about McClellan's over-drilling of his troops during the Peninsula Campaign?
He gets impatient with McClellan.
74
During the Peninsula Campaign, where is McDowell's army?
They were north of Richmond
75
What could have happened if McDowell's army came south while McClellan's army went north to Richmond?
Richmond could have been in serious danger of being surrounded by both Union armies.
76
What southern general knew about McDowell's plans of meeting with McClellan?
Jackson
77
What did Jackson launch in response to this potential crisis with Richmond?
Jackson's Valley Campaign
78
Where did Jackson launch the Valley Campaign?
He launched it near the north and west of DC
79
When was Jackson's Valley Campaign launched?
April-May 1862
80
Why did Jackson launch the Valley Campaign?
He realized what McClellan was doing and realized where McDowell was, knew if he let McDowell’s troops turn around and work with McClellan, Richmond would be in serious danger.
81
What did Jackson have to do to ensure McDowell would not meet up with McClellan and to potentially save Richmond?
He had to engage with McDowell to prevent them from going towards Richmond; prevent Union reinforcements from reaching McClellan.
82
What was the 7 Days Battle?
A series of 5 different battles that took place over 7 days.
83
How many battles did the Union win the 7 Days Battle?
4 of 5
84
Who won the entirety of the 7 Days Battle?
Confederates
85
Why did the Confederates win the 7 Days Battle even though the Union won 4 of the 5 battles?
They won the 5th and final battle, the quintessential battle, the one they had to win to win the whole campaign.
86
What was the main effect of the 7 Days Battle?
If McClellan reached Richmond and won his final battle, war would have ended.
87
If McClellan reached Richmond and won the 7 Days Battle and possibly the war, what would have happened to slavery?
It would have been intact still.
88
Why would slavery still be intact if the Union won the war after the 7 Days Battle?
Nothing of slavery had changed at this point, as this was still a war on the bringing back together the country, Lincoln had not recognized that the war was not about slavery yet.
89
After the Union loses the 7 Days Battle, what does Lincoln realize?
The north needed a moral cause to passionately fight for.
90
In response to the north not having a moral cause to fight, what does Lincoln do?
He begins to draft the Emancipation Proclamation.
91
When Lincoln drafts the EP, can he roll it out right away?
No
92
Why can't Lincoln roll out the EP when he drafts it?
He must wait for a momentous time, right time on top of a big Union victory.
93
While the EP was being drafted by Lincoln, what did the Union devise?
A 6-pronged battle plan
94
What was the purpose of the 6-pronged plan?
For the Union's long-term goals to beat the south to win the war, while integrating their fighting morals.
95
What was the first point of the 6-pronged plan?
Stick to the blockade in the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico
96
What was the second point of the 6-pronged plan?
Free the slaves once Lincoln can bring out the EP after a major victory.
97
What was the third point of the 6-pronged plan?
Continue to work on seizing the Mississippi River
98
What was the fourth point of the 6-pronged plan?
Chop up the south and send troops into Georgia and South Carolina, they will eventually send in Sherman to do this.
99
What was the fifth point of the 6-pronged plan?
Capture Richmond, the ultimate goal of capturing the enemy's capital to win the war.
100
What was the sixth point of the 6-pronged plan?
Grind the south into submission, as they had to push and push until the south would surrender.
101
After the 7 Days Campaign, where did Lee go?
He went North
102
Why did Lee go north after the 7 Days Battle?
He feels if he can infiltrate the north, he can grind the north making them busy defending their territory.
103
What did Lee hope to do by heading north after 7 Days Battle?
He hoped to do more war of occupation and boost southern morale.
104
Where did Lee move the war north to after 7 Days Battle?
Antietam
105
Where is Antietam located?
Sharpsburg, Maryland
106
Who was Union general in Antietam?
McClellan
107
Who was southern general in Antietam?
Lee
108
What was significant for each general fighting at Antietam?
It would be one of McClellan's last battles, and the battle where Lee emerges onto battle scenes.
109
What had Lee done before Antietam?
He had been in office jobs supporting Jefferson Davis early on in the war, he then goes onto the battlefield.
110
Who had advantages going into Antietam?
Union
111
How did the Union have the advantage going into Antietam?
As they march up north, they find the Confederate battle plan.
112
How did the Union find the Confederate Battle Plan as they head north?
One troop from the Union stumbles on pack of cigars, around which is wrapped a battle map of the Confederate plan, he gives it to commander and it unwraps everything the South is planning to do.
113
How did the Union's map advantage help them at Antietam?
McClellan could dissect Lee's plan and it put northern troops in a good place to divide and conquer based on Lee's weaknesses.
114
What was the result of the Battle of Antietam?
Union is able to divide Confederate ranks and win the day.
115
How many days was Antietam?
1
116
What was significant of the day-long battle of Antietam?
It was the bloodiest single day of battle in the war.
117
How did the battle of Antietam start?
Lee took troops and surrounds the town of Sharpsburg east and north of it, and McClellan heavily fortifies his troops to the north and southeast.
118
What other Union Generals worked with McClellan at Antietam?
Hooker and Burnside
119
Where did McClellan put Hooker at Antietam?
He put him up north to control Jackson and his southern troops.
120
What Southern general worked with Lee at Antietam?
Jackson
121
Where does McClellan put Burnside at Antietam?
He puts him at the southeast to try to split Lee's line to the east.
122
How did the Union break the Confederate surroundings of Sharpsburg?
Burnside splits Lee's line to the East, comes through the line and causes chaos, Lee never saw it coming and the other forces attack.
123
After losing Antietam, what does the Confederate Army do?
They retreat south across the Potomac River, south of Washington DC.
124
When the Confederates retreat, what does the Union hope to do after winning Antietam?
They felt they could get them on the run and capture them.
125
Who wants the Union army to chase the South down as they retreat from Antietam?
Lincoln
126
Did the Union chase the south down after Antietam?
No
127
Why did the Union not chase the south down after Antietam?
McClellan pulls them back and he wants to regroup his men and take account of what he has.
128
How did Lincoln feel about McClellan holding back after Antietam?
He was upset and angry and fired McClellan.
129
How did McClellan feel about getting fired?
He was so angry that McClellan ran against Lincoln in 1864 for the Presidency.
130
What is the one positive the Union gets from winning the battle of Antietam and its after-effects?
This was the right time after a battle win to issue the EP.
131
Why did Lincoln issue the EP after Antietam?
He needed to capitalize on the Union win to issue it and move forward to give north a moral cause to win.
132
What was so significant about McClellan getting fired?
His firing started the Union hokey pokey of generals.
133
What was the EP's major purpose?
It frees all slaves in states that are still in rebellion.
134
What areas did the EP not free slaves?
In the border states with slaves in MD, MO, KY, and DE the slaves were still in tact.
135
Why did Lincoln not ban slavery from the border states in the EP?
It was too important to keep those states loyal to the Union.
136
What other areas of the Union and Confederacy were exempt from slavery from the EP?
In conquered Areas by the North in Virginia and Tennessee.
137
What was the legacy of the EP?
It was heavier in theory than it was in practice.
138
How did each side view the EP?
CSA considered themselves as independent, so they felt Lincoln had no right to end their slavery, but Union felt they did not consider them a separate country and it was federal law they should follow.
139
What was the most important thing about the EP in relation to the war?
It now gave the north a moral cause to fight and win.
140
Even though the South ignored the EP, what did many slaves do after it was passed?
Many slaves were able to leave plantations and journey to the north.
141
How were many slaves able to escape from plantations after the EP was passed?
Because very few plantation owners were owning at this time due to many of them fighting in the war.
142
With many of the southern slaves coming north after the EP, what do they do?
They journey north and wonder what to do when they get there.
143
What do many slaves escaping from the EP want to do?
Join with the Union Army
144
What army group do many escaped slaves join after the EP?
Massachusetts 54th
145
What was the Massachusetts 54th?
It was a regiment of all black soldiers, they are volunteers, not a drafted regiment.
146
By 1865, how many blacks would serve in the Union army?
Over 180,000
147
How many men from the Mass 54th would get the Medal of Honor?
22
148
When and how did 22 blacks win the Medal of Honor fro the war?
Many won it well after it was over after Reconstruction, and many won it posthumously.
149
How many from the Mass 54th would die in the service?
Over 38,000
150
Who founded and formed the Mass 54th?
Governor John Andrew
151
What did Governor Andrew hope to do with creating the Mass 54th?
As an abolitionist, he wanted to find a way for blacks to serve the Union and have a good purpose.
152
Who was picked to command the Mass 54th?
Colonel Robert Gould Shaw
153
Where did the Mass 54th see battle action?
Fort Wagner
154
How did Fort Wagner go for the Union?
It was not a successful day, as Colonel Shaw was killed.
155
How many battles did the Mass 54th fight in? What kinds of battles were they?
Over 100 total battles, many were small skirmishes.
156
When McClellan is fired, who replaced him?
Burnside
157
What would Burnside lead to?
He led the Union troops into a slaughter at the battle of Fredericksburg.
158
Where did Fredericksburg take place?
A small Virginia town.
159
Describe the bloodiness of Fredericksburg.
A very ugly battle, intense for a few days, many Union casualties.
160
Who won Fredericksburg?
Confederates blew out the Union.
161
After losing Fredericksburg, what happens to Burnside?
He is fired
162
What is Burnside's firing at the height of with the Union?
The General Hokey Pokey, where Lincoln can't find a general he can trust for a clear victory.
163
Who took over for Burnside?
Hooker
164
What battle did Hooker lead the Union at?
Chancellorsville
165
How did Chancellorsville go?
The Union were soundly beaten again in two straight battles.
166
What was the only positive for the north coming out of Chancellorsville?
Stonewall Jackson was incidentally killed there.
167
How was Stonewall Jackson killed?
By friendly fire
168
What is friendly fire?
Accidentally being killed by your own men.
169
What was happening that caused Jackson to be shot?
He went on a mission to scout Union troops, and his own troops could not identify him, so they shot at him.
170
Where was Jackson shot on his body?
His arm and shoulder
171
After being shot, how did Jackson do afterwards?
He lived a few days, but his wounds were infected, they got amputated, and he died from the infection.
172
How did Lee feel about losing Jackson?
He is devastated.
173
Why was Lee devastated about losing Stonewall Jackson?
He knew he lost a crucial southern General in the death of Jackson.
174
After winning Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, where does Lee head?
He heads north after his big wins.
175
After winning Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, why did Lee want to go north?
He had momentum in the war and felt he could infiltrate the north and put a strangle on their land.
176
Why did Lee want to put a strangle on northern land while having the momentum?
He can put pressure on big northeastern cities and distract the Union army to make them defend their land, not attack the South's land.
177
As Lee headed north from Chancellorsville, where did he wind up at?
Gettysburg, PA
178
Why did Lee say he went to Gettysburg?
He wanted to go to a town in Pennsylvania, and his men needed shoes, so there were shoemakers there.
179
When was the battle of Gettysburg?
July 1-3, 1863
180
How many days did Gettysburg take?
3
181
What is significant about the 3 long days of Gettysburg?
We will see the largest number of casualties in the war of any battle.
182
Who was the Union General at Gettysburg?
Major General George Meade
183
How did Meade become the Union general for Gettysburg?
Lincoln took out General Hooker and replaced him with Meade.
184
Who was the Confederate General at Gettysburg?
Lee
185
Where were the southern troops located on Day 1 of Gettysburg?
North of the Town.
186
Who was the other Union General on Day 1 of Gettysburg?
Brigadier General Buford
187
Where was Buford located on Day 1 of Gettysburg?
He defended low ridges north of Gettysburg, a hilly ground near Appalachian Mountains.
188
What happens to Buford during him defending the Ridge on Day 1?
He is assaulted by Confederate troops, his line collapses.
189
After Buford's line is assaulted, what did he have to do?
He is forced to fall back.
190
Where is Buford's line forced to fall back to?
It goes to Meade’s major army is located to the south of Gettysburg.
191
When Buford's line breaks, what is Meade doing?
He is defending Cemetery Hill
192
What do Buford's men do when their line collapses?
They scatter all through the town.
193
What does Lee do to Buford's men when they start scattering?
They try to scatter on top of them and try to pick them off one by one.
194
What eventually happens to the majority of the scatterers of Buford's line?
They eventually fall to Meade's army and survive their assault.
195
On Day 2 of Gettysburg, where do both armies setup?
South of Gettysburg
196
How did Day 2 of Gettysburg start?
Lee launched a major assault on the Union army.
197
Did Lee's Day 2 assault work?
No
198
How did the Union respond to Lee's Day 2 assault attempt?
The Union is able to hold their line
199
How was the Union able to hold their line on Day 2 from the southern attack?
Meade had a much bigger Army at this point and fish hooked his army down Cemetery Hill down to Little Round Top, with Colonel Chamberlain.
200
With the planned Day 2 Confederate attack, where does each southern general come from?
Lee comes from the South, Longstreet comes from the west.
201
What was the result of Day 2 of Gettysburg?
An essential draw
202
What was significant about the Union holding their ground on Day 2 of Gettysburg?
It was a moral positive for them, which helped them get some momentum for Day 3.
203
What day of Gettysburg was the main event of the battle?
3rd Day
204
How did Day 3 of Gettysburg start?
Meade's army is still fish-hooked around the battlefield, and the South comes in with Pickett's Charge
205
What was Pickett's Charge and what direction did it come from?
It came from the west of the Fish Hook and 12,500 Confederates charge the center line of the Union.
206
How was Pickett's Charge carried out?
General Pickett charged up the hill was 12,500 men right at the center of the Union line.
207
What was the most famous event at Gettysburg?
Pickett's Charge
208
Did Pickett's charge work out?
No, it was a failure
209
Why was Pickett's Charge a failure?
- He and Lee were not on the same page
| - Meade held the upper ground and Pickett had to go uphill.
210
How was Pickett and Lee's conflict of interest a problem for Pickett's Charge?
Lee did not want Pickett to charge in this manner.
211
How was the north having higher ground a problem for Pickett's Charge?
Holding the upper ground gave you an advantage, which made the north fend off the charge.
212
What was the result after the South lost with Pickett's Charge?
They are forced to retreat.
213
How many losses were counted on both sides total across 3 days?
Between 46 and 51K people died total.
214
What was significant about Gettysburg's amount of losses in the battle?
We had never seen this mass losses of life before in battle.
215
Four months after Gettysburg, what happened there?
There was a call for a National Cemetery to be dedicated to those who lost lives there.
216
When the Gettysburg Cemetery is dedicated, who is invited and what are they asked to do?
Lincoln is invited to the grounds at Gettysburg to deliver an address.
217
What speech does Lincoln make at the Cemetery dedication?
Gettysburg Address
218
How long was the Gettysburg Address?
10 sentences, 2 minutes long
219
What is the legacy of the Gettysburg Address?
One of the most famous speeches in history, became one of the most celebrated speeches in US history, after many people looked back in hindsight.
220
Right after Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address, did many people feel it was a special speech?
No
221
When Lincoln spoke in 1863 with the Gettysburg Address, how did people feel about it?
They disregarded it very much, not that impressed as we are today.
222
Why did many people disregard the Gettysburg Address when it was given?
The keynote speaker spoke for two hours, and Lincoln directly followed him and spoke for 2 minutes.
223
Who was the Keynote Speaker who spoke for 2 hours?
Edward Everette
224
What did the Gettysburg Address consist of?
Powerful words
225
How did Lincoln use powerful words in the Gettysburg Address?
He reinforced the notions set forth by the Declaration of Independence.
226
How did the Gettysburg Address begin?
"Four score and seven years ago..."
227
Did Lincoln use the options of the DOI on purpose?
Yes
228
How did the "Four score and seven years ago..." affect the speech?
It takes you right back to 1776, when the DOI was signed.
229
When Lincoln referenced the DOI, what notions did he reinforce about it in his speech?
That all men are created equal with certain unalienable rights.
230
Which Union General was sent out west?
Ulysses S. Grant
231
What area was the western battlefront?
The area near the Mississippi River.
232
What was the goal of Grant being sent out west?
To conquer areas in Tennessee to open up path to the Mississippi River and try to control the whole river
233
Where does Grant begin his quest to capture the Mississippi?
Tennessee
234
What are Grant's first fights out west?
Fort Donelson and Fort Henry
235
How did Grant fare at Fort Donelson and Fort Henry?
He won both pretty easily.
236
What did the wins at Fort Donelson and Fort Henry do?
It opens up the way for an eventual invasion of Georgia.
237
Did Grant go into Georgia when he won at Forts Donelson and Henry?
No
238
What is the first major battle out west Grant leads for the north?
Shiloh
239
When did Shiloh take place?
April 6-7, 1862
240
Where is Shiloh?
Southwestern Tennessee
241
Who is the Union General at Shiloh?
Grant
242
Who are the Southern Generals at Shiloh?
AJ Johnston and PGT Beauregard
243
Where had AJ Johnston and PGT Beauregard fought in the past for the south?
Bull Run
244
After Bull Run, what happened to AJ Johnston and PGT Beauregard?
They were put out west.
245
Why were AJ Johnston and PGT Beauregard put out west?
The South needed some help to handle Grant, with Lee fighting in the east.
246
What did the Confederates plan to do at Shiloh?
They meant a surprise attack at Grant at Shiloh.
247
Did the Southern attack on Grant work out at Shiloh?
No
248
How did the Confederates fail on their attack at Grant at Shiloh?
Grant was ready for it and fights back easily.
249
Where does Shiloh go from after Grant fighting back the Southern attack?
It turns into a very bloody battle
250
Who won Shiloh? Why?
Union won because of their strong reinforcements in the bloody battle.
251
What was the legacy of Shiloh?
It was the bloodiest battle to date (before Gettysburg).
252
What did the win at Shiloh mean for the Union?
They now had a dead on, straight path to the Mississippi River.
253
After Shiloh, what did the Union have to conquer to control the whole Mississippi?
If they conquered Vicksburg and New Orleans they could control it all.
254
What step in taking the Mississippi River was next for the Union?
New Orleans
255
When was New Orleans captured in relation to Shiloh?
April 1862, in the same month as Shiloh was won by the Union.
256
Who captured New Orleans?
Navy Admiral David Farragut
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Describe Farragut's background.
He had been in Navy for many years, earned his rank up to Admiral.
258
What was significant about controlling New Orleans?
It captured southern base of Mississippi River and was key to controlling the entire flow of traffic in the river.
259
What was left for the Union to capture to get the whole Mississippi River?
They had to capture Vicksburg and some smaller key river ports.
260
Where did Admiral Farragut and others come from to take New Orleans?
They came from the blockade in the Gulf of Mexico.
261
After New Orleans, where were the Union forces coming from in the Mississippi?
Farragut was coming north from New Orleans, and Grant was coming south from Shiloh, essentially trapping most of the river.
262
If the Union were to capture Vicksburg, what would they accomplish?
They could control the whole river and cut South in two, one of their key goals to win the war.
263
What was the final major battle to control the Mississippi River?
Vicksburg
264
When was the Battle of Vicksburg?
May 18-July 4, 1863
265
When was Vicksburg in relation to Gettysburg?
It ended the day after Gettysburg ended.
266
How many weeks was Vicksburg?
7
267
Why did Vicksburg take so long?
It was a siege and took a while until the town surrendered.
268
What was important about Vicksburg taking 7 weeks to finish? Why?
It was a very long battle for one piece, and was a major battle for land control.
269
Who was the Union General at Vicksburg?
Grant
270
Who was the Southern General at Vicksburg?
Lieutenant General John Pemberton
271
How is Vicksburg setup?
It is setup like a fortress-type city.
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How does Vicksburg start?
Grant tries 2 assaults, and they are repelled away from the town of Vicksburg.
273
After Grant fails on 2 assaults, what does he do?
He keeps fighting.
274
How did Grant keep fighting after failing on the assaults in Vicksburg?
He will surround the city with his forces and lays siege to it.
275
What did Grant need to lay siege to Vicksburg?
reinforcements
276
How was the siege of the town of Vicksburg carried out?
He brings in reinforcements and surround the city.
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How was the town of Vicksburg sieged?
They lay siege to the city for seven weeks, cut them off from food, supplies, ammo, additional guns, troops getting in, and essentially starved them out.
278
After 7 weeks of siege to Vicksburg, what happened?
Vicksburg surrendered.
279
When did Vicksburg surrender?
July 4
280
What was significant about July 4th being the surrender of Vicksburg?
It would be decades before people of Vicksburg celebrated Independence Day because the defeat was so bad.
281
What was Grant's legacy after he won at Vicksburg?
He got his nickname "The Hammer."
282
Why was Grant given the name "The Hammer"?
He never gave up when his assaults were repelled and kept fighting until he won.
283
When the Union won Vicksburg, what was significant about their victory?
We had two wins within 24 hours, combining Vicksburg with Gettysburg, very big turning point in the war.
284
Which Union General led the March to the Sea?
William T. Sherman
285
What was Sherman assigned to do in his march?
He was assigned to capture Georgia and lead a march to the sea from Atlanta to Savannah.
286
Where does Atlanta lay in Georgia?
It is inland
287
Where does Savannah lay in Georgia?
It is on the coast.
288
How does Sherman begin his march in Georgia?
He cuts path that is 60 miles wide from Atlanta to Savannah, spreads troops out 60 miles wide, going east.
289
What was the idea of how the march will be carried out?
They will destroy everything in their way.
290
What are some examples of what would be destroyed in Sherman's March?
- Houses
- factories
- supply lines
- railroads
- crops
- agricultural resources
- farming equipment
- livestock
291
How will they destroy everything in their way in Sherman's March?
Anything they can see they will destroy, as they burn everything they come across because they will not leave anything standing.
292
What are the effects of Sherman's March?
Atlanta and Savannah are reduced to rubble, it hurts them badly.
293
What was the idea of Sherman's March in destroying supply lines?
So nothing gets to the southern army.
294
What was the hope of the effect Sherman's March would have on the Southern Army?
It could weaken morale of southern troops.
295
How was southern morale lowered after Sherman's March?
Many troops from Georgia in the south were too worried about getting home instead of fighting because of all the damage to see if their property was safe.
296
What war tactic was used in Sherman's March?
Total war
297
How was Sherman's March total war?
We threw all the resources into fighting the war we really wanted to win, and destroyed all the opponent’s resources.
298
What was the final campaign of the war?
Wilderness Campaign
299
When was the Wilderness Campaign? How long did it last?
May 1864-April 1865, took over a year
300
Who was the Union General at the Wilderness Campaign?
Grant
301
As Grant won more and more battles for the Union, how was he received?
Lincoln feels he is the right man in place and likes Grant.
302
What rumors were out about General Grant?
That Grant was a heavy drinker and drank a lot
303
Did Lincoln care that Grant was a drinker?
No, as long as he fought hard for the Union.
304
How many men does each side have going into the Wilderness Campaign?
Grant has over 100,000 men and Lee has about 50,000 men.
305
With the high count of men for each side at the Wilderness Campaign, what does this campaign become?
A war of attrition
306
How did the Wilderness Campaign become a war of attrition?
It is based on who will run out of men first.
307
Describe each side's death toll of the year long Wilderness Campaign.
It is a large death toll, Union lost more troops as far as numbers go, but south lost more percentage than the Union.
308
What was the Final Battle of the Wilderness Campaign?
Cold Harbor
309
What nickname does Grant get from Cold Harbor?
Grant the Butcher
310
Why did Grant get his name Grant the Butcher?
He sent troops in what was deemed to be a suicidal mission and his troops nicknamed him that as a result, as Grant wanted to win at all costs.
311
After the South lost the Wilderness Campaign, what are they starting to think for future purposes?
They were willing to make deals to back out of the war.
312
What did the South hope for after the war was over?
That they could have a truce as long as the Confederacy could still exist.
313
What did Lincoln think about the plan for the end of the war?
He would only accept a surrender from the South.
314
After the South tried to make a deal with Lincoln, how did he respond to them?
He said no and said the South would either surrender unconditionally or there will be no deal and fighting will continue.
315
How did Lincoln want the South to surrender unconditionally?
If they would come back and join the Union as the USA after their surrender.
316
What eventually happens after talks and negotiations of post-war plans?
Lee finally surrenders to Grant
317
Where does Lee surrender?
Appomattox Courthouse
318
Describe how the Lee surrender to Grant went.
They agree well on terms of surrender, Grant is very kind to Lee.
319
How was Grant lenient to Lee during the Southern surrender?
He allowed Southern troops to keep guns and horses and return home, did not arrest anyone for crimes against the US or humanity.
320
What was significant about Grant not arresting Confederate soldiers for war crimes?
It was very unusual for war.
321
How was Grant not arresting Confederates for war crimes unusual?
Usually, the losing commander is punished especially in treasonous wars, but Lee is able to ride away on his horse with no charges or penalties.
322
As Lee left Appomattox, how was he received?
The Union soldiers watched him ride away and saluted him as they respected him.
323
When did the war officially end?
When Lee surrendered to Grant on April 9, 1865
