Period 5 Test (Part 2) Flashcards
After Fort Sumter, what was happening?
A major Civil War was breaking out.
Who fought in the Civil War?
USA (North) and CSA (South)
What did each side in the war mainly need to fight after Fort Sumter?
Battle plans
What was the north’s main hope for the Civil War?
They hoped it would be a brief war.
How long did the north hope the war would last?
90 days
How did the north hope the war would be over quickly?
They could win quickly by blowing the south out of the water, making them realize they have to come back to the Union, and also limiting the losses of life.
What was the main southern hope for the Civil War?
To have early victories.
Why did the south want to have early victories?
To how everyone that they were a force to be contended with, no laughing matter to them.
How did the South want to have hope in the war by winning early battles?
North should take them seriously on States rights and maintaining the Confederacy, they wanted to bolster confidence of their leaders, volunteers and southern people.
What kind of army did both the south and north have?
Volunteer armies
Why did the south need to boost confidence for their volunteers?
Because they were willing to fight for CSA and hoped it would gain more volunteers and bolster army numbers.
What became the reality of the Civil War for both sides?
This would be a long hard fought war, no easy victory for either side.
When did both sides figure out the reality of this being a long war?
After a few battles
What was one of the major parts of the Union battle plan?
The Union Blockade
What was the other name for the Union Blockade?
Anaconda Plan
Why was it called the Anaconda Plan?
It essentially acts like an anaconda, as it was supposed envelop itself around CSA and try to squeeze the Confederacy into submission.
What was the third name for the Anaconda Plan?
Scott’s Great Snake
Who developed the Anaconda Plan?
General Winfield Scott
What was General Scott’s nickname?
Old Fuss and Feathers
What was the ultimate goal of the Anaconda Plan?
To envelop itself around the CSA waters and go inland to try to squeeze the Confederacy into submission.
How many parts did the Anaconda plan have?
2
What were the two parts of the Anaconda Plan?
- to block major southern ports both in Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico and setup a Naval Blockade
- to seize the Mississippi River
What did the Union hope to do by seizing the Mississippi River?
They could cut the south in 2 distinctive pieces, which will weaken the south greatly.
How was the Anaconda Plan setup?
The northern navy setup along the outer flanks of the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico.
What did the North need to do to take the Mississippi River?
They needed to take northern troops and march them through the south and take the river from north to south.
What place was the major southern port of the Mississippi River?
New Orleans
If you captured New Orleans, what is the significance of that?
It was key to controlling the river.
What was seizing New Orleans in relation to Scott’s Plan?
It would be very crucial to control all the Mississippi ports, the key turning point piece of his plan.
What was the plan for the Union Blockade once all the water was controlled by the Union?
They will come inland and squeeze the south into submission.
What were the problems with the Anaconda Plan?
- the blockade was passive
- the Northern Navy was not suited for the plan
- There was no direct assault on Richmond
How was the Union Blockade passive?
The Navy just sat there in the ocean and the gulf and never really did much, the blockade never really attacked and people wanted a more aggressive plan.
How was the Navy not suited for the Anaconda Plan?
We did not have types of necessary ships to enforce either plans, did not have number of ships for blockade, and did not have the battleships necessary to take Mississippi River forts.
Why was the Anaconda Plan a problem with it not being an assault on Richmond?
The critics wanted a hard core, aggressive plan of assault that would attack Richmond, the capital as the object of the war was to capture the capital.
When the Anaconda Plan was created, was there a clear plan to attack Richmond yet?
No
What was the main effect of the Anaconda Plan?
It ultimately worked
How did the Anaconda Plan ultimately work?
It did cripple the south, capturing the Mississippi and New Orleans and cutting it in half.
Even though the Anaconda Plan worked, what were elements that slowed it down?
We got away from it a bit, but then added to it, not quick and decisive the way Scott felt it would be.
After the blockade, what kind of battles were now fought in the Civil War?
series of independently run campaigns
What happened to Scott after the Union Blockade went slowly?
It was a blow to his legacy.
What were a few examples of Independently Run Campaigns from the Civil War?
- Scott’s Union Blockade
- Overland Assault,
- March to the Sea
- Mississippi River Campaign
What did Scott think the battle plan would be instead of the group of independently run campaigns?
He thought it would be one cohesive plan.
What was the first major battle after Fort Sumter?
First Battle of Bull Run
Where was Bull Run located?
Manassass, VA
Where is Manassass located?
35 miles SW of Washington, in Manassass junction in Virginia
When was the First Battle of Bull Run?
July 21, 1861
Who was the Union General at Bull Run?
Brigadier General Irvin McDowell
Who was the Confederate General at Bull Run?
Brigadier General PGT Beauregard.
What other Southern generals fought at Bull Run?
Joseph Johnston and Thomas Jackson
What was General Jackson known as after Bull Run?
Stonewall Jackson
Describe how Thomas Jackson became a southern general.
He was a professor from VMI who left teaching duties to become a field general to help CSA in the war.
How does each side enter the battle of Manassass?
McDowell will approach Manassass from north, Beauregard comes from South.
Where else did southern armies come from in Manassass?
Johnston reinforced from the Northwest.
What happened in the battle of Bull Run?
Both Johnston and Beauregard collapse on McDowell and force his troops to retreat and scatter back to Washington.
What was the problem with the Union retreat to Washington?
There was no organization to it.
Describe how civilians were involved in the battle of Bull Run.
They turned out to watch the battle as if they were spectators, and realized quickly real bullets were exchanged and blood loss was going on.
How did the Bull Run spectators respond to seeing the bloody battle?
They tried to get out of the way in their horses and buggies while the Union has to withdraw from the battle.
What did the viewers at Bull Run think about the battle before it happened?
That it would be the only battle of the Civil War.
Were the Bull Run viewers right about their prediction?
No, as the Union had to withdraw and lost the battle.
What were the main effects of the First Bull Run battle?
- Largest and bloodiest battle in US history to the date
- Both sides realized quickly the brutality of this war
- The Union Hokey Pokey of generals began
How was Bull Run the Largest and bloodiest battle in US history to date?
We had never seen blood loss on this scale in history on this continent.
How did both sides realize the brutality of this war after Bull Run?
They felt it was going to be very ugly and not a very short war, would be long, hard-fought, and drawn out.
What event started the Union Hokey Pokey of Generals?
George B. McClellan was named by Lincoln to head Army of the Potomac.
What was McClellan’s nickname?
Young Napoleon
Why was McClellan called Young Napoleon?
He was a great thinker.
What were McClellan’s war reputations?
He he had a reputation for strategy, understanding strategy, and drilling his troops intensely with obsession.
What happens to McClellan when the drilling continues to be over the top?
It gets to a point where Lincoln has to complain to him to fight and stop the drilling.
What was the first major campaign for McClellan?
Peninsula Campaign
When was the Peninsula Campaign launched?
March 1862
Describe how the Peninsula Campaign got started by McClellan.
It took a few months for this campaign to unravel and unfold, and he launched it with 121,500 Union troops.
Where did the Peninsula Campaign take place?
South of Washington and Richmond.
How did McClellan start fighting in the Peninsula Campaign? What was his goal for his plan?
He brings troops near eastern shores east of Richmond and launches attack from south and tries to get overland to Richmond.
What was the major problem that caused the Peninsula Campaign attack to be slower?
McClellan drilled his army way too much and over planned the attack, which took too much time.
How did Lincoln feel about McClellan’s over-drilling of his troops during the Peninsula Campaign?
He gets impatient with McClellan.
During the Peninsula Campaign, where is McDowell’s army?
They were north of Richmond
What could have happened if McDowell’s army came south while McClellan’s army went north to Richmond?
Richmond could have been in serious danger of being surrounded by both Union armies.
What southern general knew about McDowell’s plans of meeting with McClellan?
Jackson
What did Jackson launch in response to this potential crisis with Richmond?
Jackson’s Valley Campaign
Where did Jackson launch the Valley Campaign?
He launched it near the north and west of DC
When was Jackson’s Valley Campaign launched?
April-May 1862
Why did Jackson launch the Valley Campaign?
He realized what McClellan was doing and realized where McDowell was, knew if he let McDowell’s troops turn around and work with McClellan, Richmond would be in serious danger.
What did Jackson have to do to ensure McDowell would not meet up with McClellan and to potentially save Richmond?
He had to engage with McDowell to prevent them from going towards Richmond; prevent Union reinforcements from reaching McClellan.
What was the 7 Days Battle?
A series of 5 different battles that took place over 7 days.
How many battles did the Union win the 7 Days Battle?
4 of 5
Who won the entirety of the 7 Days Battle?
Confederates
Why did the Confederates win the 7 Days Battle even though the Union won 4 of the 5 battles?
They won the 5th and final battle, the quintessential battle, the one they had to win to win the whole campaign.
What was the main effect of the 7 Days Battle?
If McClellan reached Richmond and won his final battle, war would have ended.
If McClellan reached Richmond and won the 7 Days Battle and possibly the war, what would have happened to slavery?
It would have been intact still.
Why would slavery still be intact if the Union won the war after the 7 Days Battle?
Nothing of slavery had changed at this point, as this was still a war on the bringing back together the country, Lincoln had not recognized that the war was not about slavery yet.
After the Union loses the 7 Days Battle, what does Lincoln realize?
The north needed a moral cause to passionately fight for.
In response to the north not having a moral cause to fight, what does Lincoln do?
He begins to draft the Emancipation Proclamation.
When Lincoln drafts the EP, can he roll it out right away?
No
Why can’t Lincoln roll out the EP when he drafts it?
He must wait for a momentous time, right time on top of a big Union victory.
While the EP was being drafted by Lincoln, what did the Union devise?
A 6-pronged battle plan
What was the purpose of the 6-pronged plan?
For the Union’s long-term goals to beat the south to win the war, while integrating their fighting morals.
What was the first point of the 6-pronged plan?
Stick to the blockade in the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico
What was the second point of the 6-pronged plan?
Free the slaves once Lincoln can bring out the EP after a major victory.
What was the third point of the 6-pronged plan?
Continue to work on seizing the Mississippi River
What was the fourth point of the 6-pronged plan?
Chop up the south and send troops into Georgia and South Carolina, they will eventually send in Sherman to do this.
What was the fifth point of the 6-pronged plan?
Capture Richmond, the ultimate goal of capturing the enemy’s capital to win the war.
What was the sixth point of the 6-pronged plan?
Grind the south into submission, as they had to push and push until the south would surrender.
After the 7 Days Campaign, where did Lee go?
He went North
Why did Lee go north after the 7 Days Battle?
He feels if he can infiltrate the north, he can grind the north making them busy defending their territory.
What did Lee hope to do by heading north after 7 Days Battle?
He hoped to do more war of occupation and boost southern morale.
Where did Lee move the war north to after 7 Days Battle?
Antietam
Where is Antietam located?
Sharpsburg, Maryland
Who was Union general in Antietam?
McClellan
Who was southern general in Antietam?
Lee
What was significant for each general fighting at Antietam?
It would be one of McClellan’s last battles, and the battle where Lee emerges onto battle scenes.
What had Lee done before Antietam?
He had been in office jobs supporting Jefferson Davis early on in the war, he then goes onto the battlefield.
Who had advantages going into Antietam?
Union
How did the Union have the advantage going into Antietam?
As they march up north, they find the Confederate battle plan.
How did the Union find the Confederate Battle Plan as they head north?
One troop from the Union stumbles on pack of cigars, around which is wrapped a battle map of the Confederate plan, he gives it to commander and it unwraps everything the South is planning to do.
How did the Union’s map advantage help them at Antietam?
McClellan could dissect Lee’s plan and it put northern troops in a good place to divide and conquer based on Lee’s weaknesses.
What was the result of the Battle of Antietam?
Union is able to divide Confederate ranks and win the day.
How many days was Antietam?
1
What was significant of the day-long battle of Antietam?
It was the bloodiest single day of battle in the war.
How did the battle of Antietam start?
Lee took troops and surrounds the town of Sharpsburg east and north of it, and McClellan heavily fortifies his troops to the north and southeast.
What other Union Generals worked with McClellan at Antietam?
Hooker and Burnside
Where did McClellan put Hooker at Antietam?
He put him up north to control Jackson and his southern troops.
What Southern general worked with Lee at Antietam?
Jackson
Where does McClellan put Burnside at Antietam?
He puts him at the southeast to try to split Lee’s line to the east.
How did the Union break the Confederate surroundings of Sharpsburg?
Burnside splits Lee’s line to the East, comes through the line and causes chaos, Lee never saw it coming and the other forces attack.
After losing Antietam, what does the Confederate Army do?
They retreat south across the Potomac River, south of Washington DC.
When the Confederates retreat, what does the Union hope to do after winning Antietam?
They felt they could get them on the run and capture them.
Who wants the Union army to chase the South down as they retreat from Antietam?
Lincoln
Did the Union chase the south down after Antietam?
No
Why did the Union not chase the south down after Antietam?
McClellan pulls them back and he wants to regroup his men and take account of what he has.
How did Lincoln feel about McClellan holding back after Antietam?
He was upset and angry and fired McClellan.
How did McClellan feel about getting fired?
He was so angry that McClellan ran against Lincoln in 1864 for the Presidency.
