Period 5 Flashcards
Civil war!
Free-Soilers
Against the spread of slavery, but not for moral reasons. Free-Soilers wanted the land gained from the Mexican cession to remain without enslaved people so it could be reserved for white laborers.
Radical Republicans
Advocated for civil rights for both freedmen women.
Compromise of 1850
Califronia would be admitted as a free state. A tighter fugitive slave act, abolition of slave trade in D.C, popular soverinighty in Utah and New Mexico terroirtories. Texas gives up some Western land claims so the US assumes their war debt.
Sectionialism
Sectionalism is loyalty to one’s own region or section of the country, rather than to the country as a whole.
Declaration of Causes
When Southern states succeeded they drafted a docment of causes stating their reasons for leaving the union.n
Causes of Mexican-Am war
- Conflicting interpertations of where the border was. As well as false claims tha American blood was shed on “American soil.”
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidago
Established the Rio Grande as the southern border of Texas. Also Mexico would later suceede California and New Mexico for 15 million dollars. (+Gadsen purchase)
Dred Scott v. Sandford 1857
Dred Scott was an enslaved man who was from Missouri who was taken up to Wisconsin which was a free state for 2 years . Scott later sued for his freedom. The case made it to the supreme court which did not rule in Scotts favor stating that enslaved people were property and could be taken anywhere + slaves could not sue in a court of law. Effectively making all states open to slavery.
Raid on Harper’s Ferry
John Brown led a slave uprising in Harper’s Ferry Virgina attempting to raid the federal arsenal there. They were quickly repulsed before they had a chance to act out the plan. Brown and his followers were hanged as punishment. Deeply angered White Southerners.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Because the Kansas and Nebraska were above the 36 30 line (Compromise of 1820) they would be considered a free state. However, it was decided that the states be able to vote on the matter (popular soverenighty),
Canning of Charles Sumner
Charles Sumner, a republican made a anti-slavery speech and naming and critizing Senator Butler. His cousin, Brooks would avenge his cousin and beat Sumner with a cane on the senate floor. (The North-South divison)
13th amendment
Abolished slavery.
14th amendment
Equal protections and citizenship for those born on U.S soil. (No state can infringe on this law.) Passed into law over Johnson’s vetoF
15th amendment
No one can be denied the right to vote on account of race. (Granted AA men the right to vote.)
Sharecropping
A form of coerced servitude in which land owners seed and farm supplies in exchange for a percentage of the harvest. Many AA’s were forced in sharecropping as unemployment becomes crimnialized.
Klu Klux Klan
A white supremacist organization that intimated black folks through burning buildings, lynchings, and control over local politics.
Black Codes
Southern black codes prevented Black folks from borrowing money to buy or loan land. Prohibited black folks from testfifying against white people in court. Established segregation in Southern society.
Compromise of 1877
- Democrats agree to let Hayes become president.
- Republicans agree to remove all federal troops from the South.
(Seen as the end of reconstruction)
Ten % plan
Abraham lincoln’s plan stated that in order for a Southern state to be readmitted into the union they must: have 10% of the electorate pledge loyalty, as well as ratifying the 13th amendmet.
Abe Lincoln’s assasination
Lioncoln was assinated by John Wilkes Booth, because of this Andrew Johnson became president.
Andrew Johnson
Johnson was a Southern Democrat and white supremacist. He was known to veto a lot of laws and often had clashes with Congress which was predominately Republican.
Freedmens Breau
An organization aimed to assiist freedmen and whites after the civil war. Established schools and other provisions. (Apart of the reconstruction effort)
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Ensured the equal protections of African Americans following the aftermath of the civil war. And directly targeted the black codes.
Bleeding Kansas
After the Kansas-Nebraska act violence erupted in the Kansas territory between free-soilers and Border Ruffians. The Border Ruffians from Missouri were casting illgeal votes. And even pro and anti slavery consititutions were drafted.
Underground RR
A part of the abolitinist movement, a series of trails and safe houses which Enslaved people could find passage to the North and possibly Canada for eventual freedom. To escape the fugitive slave law.
John Brown
- Involoved in bleeding Kansas and the raid on Harpers Ferry
Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation freed all enslaved people in the confederacy. Also cut off any hope of European involvement. (It DID NOT end slavery in the border states, this was startgetic) Helped enslaved people escape to union lines to serve in the army. (+changed the purpose of the war)
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
An abolitionist book, which framed the insuttion of slavery as inherently evil and inhuamne placing much of the blame on slave owners. A popular book of the time.
Jefferson Davis
The first and only inaugrated president of the Confederacy. Alexander Stephens was his vice-president.
Gettysburg Address
Speech by Abe Lincoln. To unify the union and protray the struggle agianst slavery as the fufilment of America’s needs founding democratic ideals.
Reconstruction acts of 1867
- Sent federal troops to the South. 2. Ratify 14th amendment Provisions for universal voting rights (white + black)
Carpet Bagger
A derogatory term to describe Northerners who came to South after the civil war. Scalawags another deogatory term is for Southern whites who supportered the reconstruction effort.
Red Shirts
A terroistic white suprmacists organization threatening freedmen and whites.
Force Acts
United States federal law enacted during the Reconstruction era to guarantee African Americans equal treatment in public accommodations, public transportation, and to prevent being excluded from jury duty. Targets the KKK, but no one can enforce.
“The Lost Cause”
A psuedohistorical myth peddled by the daughter of the confederacy. It had 3 main beliefs: states rights was the cause of the war, it was a valiant effort, and slavery was benevolent.
American Party/ “Know-Nothing”
If the Nativists made a political party. Anti-immigration, Anti-Catholic. Emerged in the 1850s but waned in popularity as the issue of slavery became more dominant.
Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
Congress passed the Tenure of Office Act, which prohibited Johnson from removing his cabinet when he did. He was put on trial for impeachment, however it failed by one vote.
American Woman sufferage Association
Supported the 15th amendmedment,
National Sufferage Association
Did not support the 15th amendment
Anaconda Plan
The union would use its naval advantages to blockade the south from receiving supplies, and split the south in half by blocking the Mississppii river.
North Advantages
- 4x the population of the South
- Had access to the robust navy (controll seas + rivers)
- Controlled a majority of banks, manfacturing, and railroads.
- Established central government.
Southern Advantages
- Great Military leaders (Stonewall Jackson, Robert E. Lee)
- Fought a defensive war.
Fort Sumter, South Carolina
Abe Lincoln wanted to provide provision for Fort Sumter he was met with bullets instead.
King Cotton
The South had hoped that Europes depedency on Southern cotton would turn into aid from those countries. France and Britian soon realized other sources of cotton.
Appotmatox courthouse
General Robert E. Lee oficially surrendered to Ulyssess S. Grant.
Republican party
Free Soilers, former Know-Nothings, Abolitiionists, and former anti-slavery whiggs. Argued that slavery should not expand into new territories.
Wilmot Proviso
“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of the territory acquired from Mexico, specifically after the war’s conclusion” Failed to pass in the senate 50/50
James K. Polk
Polk was an expansonist president eager to increase the size of the US by ways of admitting Oregon, Texas, and California into the union.
Mexico’s requirements
- No more slavery into Texas + Must convert to Catholiscm which was largely ignored. This led to Mexico closing the border.
Annexation of Texas
Texas attempted to apply for statehood but was denied on the grounds it would start war with Mexico.
Depression of 1873
- Causes white Northerners to change focus due to speculation, and tighter loan regulations. As well as the various scams and embezzlements during his presidency.
