Period 1 & 2 Flashcards
Key terms/dates - Make sure to revisit.
Bacon’s Rebellion
Led by Nathaniel Bacon Through July-October of 1676. (+Multi-class, Multi-racial) Against the House of Burgesses and the Tidewater Aristocracy. Because of their disregard for smaller farmers.
Headwright System
A way to attract settlers to the Virgina colony. Every arrival paying their own passage was awarded 50 acres. This was also applicable for those who financed the passage for someone else.
House of Burgesses
An assembly that allowed landowning men or major Virgina settlements to elect representatives.
Indentured Servitude
A means of migrating to the American colonies in which the servant enters a contract of a fixed time (4-7 years) and unpaid labor for passage into the colonies.
Seasoning process
A bout with disease (probably malaria) that usually occurred during a new colonist’s first Chesapeake summer, followed by recurrences of malaria, along with dysentery, typhoid fever, and other diseases.
Quakers + William Penn
Quakers were a more progressive sect of Christianity. They were more peace-loving and less aggressive compared to others. William Penn, pacificist and Quaker was given the charter for Pennslyvania, and he negotiated for the land fairly. (+ Penn state allowed for religious freedom)
Anne Hutchinson
Former Puritian dissident believed in antinomianism. She was labeled radical and exiled, and with her small group of followers she formed the colony of Portsmouth. (Later RI)
John Locke
English philosopher and political theorist. He wrote “Two Treaties of Gov’t”. Argued for natural laws stating that everyone is born equal and free. Power resides with the people and thus power to revolt does also. Inspired the American Revolution + Constitution.
Seven Years War (French Indian War)
Was apart of a succession of wars between Spain, France, and Britian to assert dominaince on the global stage. The Natives sided with the French but utimately lost to the British effectively losing control of the Ohio river valley.
King Philips War
(1675-1678) Conflict between Native American tribes, led by Chief Metacom (King Philiph) and NE settlers. Last major unified effort by Native Americans to resist English colonization. Resulted in heavy losses and weakened the tribes.
Navigation Acts
A mercantilist act, that limited the colonies to trade with only British ships. The colonies would export raw materials to the motherland at a cheaper price, and pay more to purchase the manufactured goods.
Mercantilism
An economic theory that trace generates wealth and the idea that government should encourage trade through protection. Colonies should aim to increase wealth by making more exports than receiving imports.
The age of Enlightenment
A belief that darkness of past ages could be corrected with human reasoning. Inspired American Revolutioniares who were coming to age during this period.
The Great Awakening
Religious revivalism utilized emotional preaching as well as traveling preachers. Increase in religious fervor. The movement promoted personal faith. (Notable figures: Jonathan Edwards, George Whitfield)
Tidewater Aristocracy
Refers to the elite class of people who lived in the Tidewater region of Virginia during the colonial era.
Deist
A belief system held by many Enlightenment Thinkers. Meaning to believe in a God that has established natural laws, but did not interefere with humans any further.
The Quebec Act of 1774
English Controlled Quebec after 7 years war.
- Expanded boundary to include the Ohio River valley
- Recognized the Roman Catholic Church
- Stripped Quebec of any representation politically
Virgina Slave Codes of 1705
Jamestowne, Virginia
First English settlement started by the Virgina company for commerical reasons.
John Winthrop’s “City Upon a Hill”
A ideal describing a Puritan Lifestyle based on Christian beliefs.
Encomienda System
Spanish colonial abor system that was implemented by the Spanish crown which enslaved native populations for agricultural purposes. However, they struggled with implentation due to death rates and revolts.
Columbian Exchange
The transfer of people, food, and diseases from the East to the West. Europeans brought small pox and horses.
Francisco Pizarro
A Spanish conquistador, is best known for conquering the Inca Empire in South America in the 1520s-30s.
Hernán Cortés
Spanish Conquistador famous for his conquering of the Aztec empire.
Mayflower Compact
The earliest form of democracy in the colonies. Drafted by pilgirms before departing from the Mayflower.
Fundamental orders of Connecticut
Triangle Trade
Trade between the continents of Africa, North America, and the West Indies. Rum was given to West Africa, Enslaved people were taken on the middle passage to the West Indies and there they would be traded for cane sugar to be delivered back to New England.
Plymouth Colony
Treaty of Tordesillas
A treaty outlined by the Pope, stating where Spain and Portugal could conquer.
Spanish Armada Defeat
An attempt was made by the Spanish to invade England. It was ultimately a failure. This event also marked a decline in Spanish naval dominance as they were made to retreat due to challenges.
Bartolome de las Casas
Spain Priest was seen as progressive for his time as he argued for the stopping of indigenous peoples’ enslavement. And encouraged laws that were favorble to Natives. (He also owned slaves)
Protestant Reformation
When the English broke away from the Catholic church in Spain and created Protestatism.
Southern Colonies
Middle Colonies
New England Colonies
Settled by pilgrims escaping persercution in order to establish a society.
Proclamation of 1763
Enacted by King George III prohibited settlements past the Appalachian mountains. This was to stabilize Native American-relations. (E.g Seven Years War, Pontiac’s Rebellion)
Pueblo Revolt
The Spanish attempt to push christianity on the people as well as continued enslaved labor of Pueblo which had enough and revolted.
Anglicanization
Reverting to their English ways.
Christopher Columbus
A conquistador who convinced king Fernandad and Queen Isabela to sponsor his trip to the Americas in 1492.
Fuedalism
A servant lived and worked on a nobels land in exchange for protection.
Join-Stock Company
A limted liability organizaton in which a pluraity of investors pool money to fund a venture. (e.g The Virgina company who founded Virgina)
Casta system
Categorized people based on their racial ancestry. The closer you were to Spaniard the higher you would rank.
The French
The French were mostly interested in trade with the Natives. Married Natives to maintain trade. + Mostly resided in North America.
Slave Codes
In these slave codes, enslaved people were thought of as chattel or property.
Covert and Over resistances
Stono Rebellion
A form of overt resistance in which a small group of enslaved people stole weapons and marched along the Stono river as their numbers grew, they burned plantations and killing in their wake, this was squashed.
Doctrine of Discovery
Plymouth Rock
