Period 4

Question 1

“Peaceful” revolution

Answer 1

The peaceful transfer of power from the Federalists to the Democratic-Republicans in the election of 1800. (John Adams - Thomas Jefferson)

Question 2

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 2

The most notable achievement of Jefferson’s first term as president. A vast track of unexplored land, most notable for the port of New Orleans. Democrats at the time were against this because the Constiution did not give the president the right to purchase land. He argued it was in the nations best interest

Question 3

Lewis and Clark Expedition

Answer 3

An expedition commissioned by Thomas Jefferson led by Lewis and Clark to gather scientific and geographic information about the newly purchased Louisiana territory.

Question 4

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Answer 4

Established the principle of judicial review. The case arose when William Marbury sued Secretary of State James Madison for failing to deliver his commission. Leading the Court to rule that Marbury had a right to his commission, however, the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional.

Question 5

John Marshall

Answer 5

federalist Supreme Court Chief Justice, and cousin of Thomas Jefferson. Established judicial Review in Marbury v. Madison. Believed in implied powers.

Question 6

Judicial Review

Answer 6

Review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act.

Question 7

McCulloch v Maryland

Answer 7

The state of Maryland could not tax the National bank, as stated in the supremacy clause. Federal law trumps state law. Also, states had the implied power to open banks.

Question 8

Era of good feelings

Answer 8

A misleading name, to describe the presidency of James Monroe. Filled with dividing factions, and debates over common issues of the time.

Question 9

Virginia Dynasty

Answer 9

A tradition in which 4/5 first presidents were all from Virgina (Except John Adams)

Question 10

The Missouri Compromise

Answer 10

1. Admit Missouri as a slave state 2. Admit Maine as a free state 3. Prohibits slavery in the rest of the LA territory north of 36, 30’ (This was to continue the equal amount of slave and free states in the Senate.)

Question 11

Tallmadge Amendment

Answer 11

1) Prohibited further introduction of slaves in Missouri And required children of enslaved mothers to be emancipated at 25. It would’ve led to the gradual elimination of slavery in Missouri.

Question 12

Henry Clay’s American system

Answer 12

1) Protective tariffs 2) A national bank 3) Internal Improvements. Market Revolution caused this.

Question 13

The Panic of 1819

Answer 13

First financial panic since the ratification of the constitution. Hit framers who speculated on land during a bubble the hardest, after banks started tightening their loan policies.

Question 14

Tariff of 1816

Answer 14

An example of a protective tariff Aimed to protect burgeoning American manufacturers from foreign competition. After the war of 1812, there was an influx of British goods.

Question 15

Telegraph

Answer 15

The Telegraph used lines and dotes to communicate. Government could direct groups of people more easily.

Question 16

Lowell System

Answer 16

A labor system which utilized young teenage-adult girls. They lived in dormitories next to the factories in which they worked. (Originated in Lowell, Massachusetts)

Question 17

Treaty of Ghent

Answer 17

Resolved the War of 1812. It was regarded as a stalemate for both sides involved. (British and Americans.) Jointly managed Oregon country + longest unfortified border

Question 18

War of 1812

Answer 18

The War of 1812 culminated due to the continued impressment and search and seziures of American ships by the British. They refused to acknowledge their neutraility, as well as continued aid supplied to Native Americans which prevented westward expansion.

Question 19

Macon Bills

Answer 19

(After the failure of the embargo Act) 1. An incentive that either Britian or France respected Americas neutraility. 2. If one accepted then it would not trade with the other country.

Question 20

Rush-Bagot Agreement

Answer 20

treaty between the United States and Great Britain limiting naval armaments on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain, following the War of 1812.

Question 21

Treaty of 1818

Answer 21

Established the longest unfortified border between the US and Canada at the forty-ninth parrallell after the war of 1812.

Question 22

Barbary pirates

Answer 22

Before Jefferson entered office, the US had paid the Barbary pirates a fee to prevent piracy, Jefferson refused to pay at all. However, eventually to avoid war a reduced payment was agreed upon.

Question 23

Jackson’s Military Campaign

Answer 23

• The success during the Battle of New Orleans. +The first Seminole war which lead to the Adam-Onis Treaty.

Question 24

Peggy Eaton affair

Answer 24

Vicious rumors had started to be circulated about Peggy Eaton, wife of Jackson’s secretary of war by the other wives of cabinet members. When Jackson intervened this lead to a succession of his cabinet members resigning.

Question 25

Trail of Tears

Answer 25

The forcible removal of the Cherokees began west of the Mississippi river after the treaty of new Echota.

Question 26

Nullification Crisis

Answer 26

After the tariffs of 1828, Jackson’s vice president, John C. Calhoun was disgruntled, which was shared by his state of South Carolina. So they nullified the traffis in the state and refused to pay call it an abomination. Jackson responded to this with a force bill. In the end, the tariff was lowered.

Question 27

Andrew Jackson & his presidency

Answer 27

he expansion of democracy through the spoils system and the rise of the common man. Supported the Indian Removal Act which culminated into the Trail of tears. Jackson also opposed the Second Bank of the United States, which led to recession.

Question 28

Indian removal Act (1830)

Answer 28

The Cherokee Nation declared itself a sovereign territory within Georgia. Which started the dispute, this act signed into law by Jackson mandated the removal of American Indians west of the Missippi river.

Question 29

Election of 1824

Answer 29

Unable to pick just one presidential candidate the Dem-Reps picked 4: Andew Jackson, Henry Clay, John Quincy Adams, and William Crawford. The four candidates were tied in the senate. The vote went to the House and Adams won due to support and Clay’s influence. Adams after becoming presdient appointed Clay to become his secertary of state. Jackson deemed this to be a “corrupt Bargain”

Question 30

White Male Suffrage

Answer 30

A series of legislature that gave white men the right the vote. Lifting religious, and land owning requirements. (See: Era of the Common Man)

Question 31

Commonwealth v. Hunt + Union Wins

Answer 31

Regarded a win for unions, this lawsuit granted employees the right to negotiate the terms of their contracts.

Question 32

Cult of Domesticity

Answer 32

The idea that women had the responsbility to tend to the home when their husbands were away working. Women must be feminine, fragile, and domestic. Only applied to middle-upper class women.

Question 33

Interchangable Parts

Answer 33

The inventor of the cotton Gin, develops a standardized model for a rifle. This gives way to mass production, efficiency, and easier repairs/matience. Laid the groundwork for the modern assmbely line.

Question 34

Unions

Answer 34

They were often unsuccesful because migrants were willing to work in their place, and many courts ruled against them.

Question 35

Steam Engines + Railroads

Answer 35

Developed during the Market Revolution. Steam Engines were great for carrying cargo upstream and more efficiently. Railroads decreased commute and helped transport goods and people.

Question 36

Erie Canal

Answer 36

Waterway built connecting Lake Erie to the Hudson River. Allows goods to move from Industrial cities and farms to the Atlantic ocean. Was so successful in fact, it led to copy cats. Benefits include, shorter commute, easier transport. (e.g Barges)

Question 37

War Hawks, Quids + Whiggs

Answer 37

Whiggs: Rooted in federalist beliefs, mostly burgeiouse, North and South. Pro/Anti Slavery, Pro National Bank.
War Hawks: eager to engage in the war of 1812 to defend America. Quids: or moderate dem-reps + Federalists who were against going to war.

Question 38

Embargo Act

Answer 38

Banned trade, ended up harming the US economy the most.

Question 39

Monroe’s Doctrine

Answer 39

European powers need to stay out of the Western Hemisphere (The Americas), and if they do it will be seen as hostile actions against the US government.

Question 40

Bank Veto

Answer 40

When the time came to recharter the National Bank, Andrew Jackson vetoed it. Stating it was a “hydra of corruption.” This seems to be a common sentiment of the time as he secured relection by a landslide.

Question 41

Worcester v. Georgia

Answer 41

In a supreme court decision which sided with the Cherokees had no right to impose state within Cherokee boundaries.

Question 42

Cherokee Nation v. Georgia

Answer 42

Georgia did not recognize the soverengihty of the Cherokee.

Question 43

Industrial Revolution/Market

Answer 43

The linking of Northern industries with Western and Southern farms which was created by advances in agriculture, industry, and transportation. (Transition into a capitilistic society + a growing middle class)

Question 44

Spoils System.

Answer 44

Those who win get to appoint people in power. Perpetuated the common man image, the common man could be a politician.

Question 45

Teumsen’s War

Answer 45

Unites tribes like Pontiac’s Rebellion. Guns and ammununtuon were supplied by the British Crown.

Question 46

Democrats.

Answer 46

After the messy election of 1824 a divide in political parties emerged. The Democrats are most similar to the Dem-Reps and Anti-Federalists. Anti-Internal Improvements, Anti-National Bank. Pro-slavery. Demographics included: Westerners, immigrants, Southerners, and Urban workers.

Question 47

Jacksonian Democracy

Answer 47

Andrew Jackson was a huge supporter of male suffrage, although he never made any direct action like passing legislation he believed that the common white non-land owning man shoud vote.

Question 48

North v. South

Answer 48

South remains agarian throughout the Market Revolution. The North has a lot of technological break throughs, including factories, canals, railroads, steam boats which allow for interdependence among the states in the north and west.

Question 49

Cotton Gin

Answer 49

Removes seeds from cotton. Previously done by hand and was very laborious. This invention increased dependency on Slavery by 70% in 1810.

Question 50

Importation of slaves ends in 1808

Answer 50

First agreed upon during the Consiritiuional Convention. This compromise entailed the end of the importation of enslaved people by the year 1808, it was belived during the convention that in that 20 years time Slavery would gradually fade.

Question 51

Shifting ideas of the West

Answer 51

As settlers move more west ideas of what the west changes. And in that change Native Americans are not in that picture.

Question 52

Romanticism

Answer 52

A push back on the intellectual and rationialism of the Enlightenment Age. Protzied ones feelings and sentiment.

Question 53

Hartford Convention

Answer 53

A convetion of radcial federalist merchants who wanted to seceded from the Union and not go to war. Afterwards this led to the demise of the Federalist party.

Question 54

Adams-Onis Treaty

Answer 54

Spanish seeded to the U.S giving them the Flordia territory as they were too busy handling South American revolts.

Question 55

Irish + German Immigrants

Answer 55

Immigrant began to boom after the Market Revolution. Irish immigrants came to the US to escape the Potato famine, and seek employment often for cheap. Germans came for less dramatic reasons such as better democracy or farming opportuntites.

Question 56

Natvistis

Answer 56

Natvistis are Americans that were unhappy with the influx of immigrants. They flourished in the 1830-40s, spewing anti-immigrant propaganda.

Question 57

Transdenatlism and Transcendalists.

Answer 57

Spiritual philsophy which emphasized ones connection with nature and human perfection, inspired by the Romantcisim movement. Notable Transdenalists: Ralph Waldo Emerson who emphasized indivudality, and Henry David Thoreau for his nature observations and civil disobedience.

Question 58

The Second Great Awakening

Answer 58

A series of religious revivals among protestant Christians that emphasized righteous living, and self resitranint that would lead a person to salvation. Causes: Market Revolution, Romanticism. (Charles Grandison Finney)

Question 59

William Llyod Garrison

Answer 59

Founder of both the American Anti-Slavery society and the newspaper The Libreator. Huge radical ablition, deemed the consititution a pro-slavery document.

Question 60

Slave codes

Answer 60

Laws typically in the south to prevent uprisings/rebellions due to high numbers of enslaved populations. 1. No reading/writing 2. outlawing marriage 3. no legal representation

Question 61

Temperance

Answer 61

A movement made more powerful by the second Great Awakening. Wanted to outlaw alcohol claiming it led to sin and poorer quality of life. The movement gained momentum in politics as well as with factory owners.

Question 62

Seneca Falls Convention

Answer 62

The first women’s rights convention. Prominent female suffragettes gathered in Seneca Falls, New York to draft the Declaration of Sentiments outlining their greviances and that men and women should be looked at as equals. (A push back on the idea of cult of domescitiy)

Question 63

Resistance of African American slaves

Answer 63

1. Slow-downs 2. Escape 3. Outright Rebllion. (+ The matiance of of culture through keeping names, language, and religion)

Question 64

Nat Turner’s Rebellion

Answer 64

In Southampton, VA Nat Turner led a rebellion killing 57 white men, women, and children. The rebellion was soon put down. Yet this encited fears of more uprisings in plantation owners which made way for slave codes stricter.

Question 65

Amistad Rebellion

Answer 65

On a Spanish Ship called the “Amistad” enslaved people that got themselves free revolted and killed the ships chef and captain over an unsavory comment. When brought to court over this, they were set free!