Period 5

Question 1

Black Codes

Answer 1

Limited the basic human rights and civil liberties of the newly freed black people. This played an important role of brining the impeachment of P Johnsons and the passage f the 14th amendment.

Question 2

The Fourteenth Amendment

Answer 2

The Fourteenth Amendment is an amendment to the United States Constitution that was adopted in 1868. It granted citizenship and equal civil and legal rights to African Americans and enslaved people who had been emancipated after the American Civil War.

Question 3

Know Northing Party

Answer 3

First nativist political party in the US. Though it didn’t last long, it marked the beginning of a recuring pattern f nativist opposition to immigrants.

Question 4

The FREE SOIL PARTY

Answer 4

The FREE SOIL PARTY of Cuyahoga County was organized in the summer of 1848 as part of a national third-party movement which supported free grants of public land to settlers and opposed the extension of slavery to the western territories.
Free-soilers feared that blacks, both free and enslaved, posed a threat to whites in taking jobs, as whites charged a higher price for working than did blacks, where slaves were free and free blacks were easily cheaper than white workers.

Question 5

Compromise of 1877

Answer 5

The Compromise of 1877 was an informal, unwritten deal that settled the disputed 1876 U.S. Presidential election; through it Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was awarded the White House on the understanding that he would remove the federal troops from South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana.

Question 6

Jim Crow laws

Answer 6

Jim Crow laws were any state or local laws that enforced or legalized racial segregation. These laws lasted for almost 100 years, from the post-Civil War era until around 1968, and their main purpose was to legalize the marginalization of African Americans.

Question 7

Nathan Bedford Forrest

Answer 7

Nathan Bedford Forrest was a Confederate cavalry commander during the American Civil War. He and his troops were responsible for the massacre of Black Union troops stationed at Fort Pillow, Tennessee, in April 1864, and he was the first grand wizard of the Ku Klux Klan.

Question 8

Ten Percent Plan

Answer 8

Lincoln’s blueprint for Reconstruction included the Ten-Percent Plan,which specified that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10 percent of its voters (from the voter rolls for the election of 1860) swore an oath of allegiance to the Union.

Question 9

How did Reconstruction end?

Answer 9

Disputed election of 1877 led to a deal between Republicans and Democrats. Hayes would maintain presidency while federal troops would be removed from Southern states.

Question 10

List and describe at least 3 examples of continued oppression of blacks after the Civil War.

Answer 10

Sharecropping: economic system of tenant farming that still tied poor blacks to the land and white patronage.

Ku Klux Klan: white supremacist organization that terrorized blacks in an effort to limit their civil rights

Black codes: laws in Southern states that undermined Reconstruction efforts and relegated blacks to 2nd class citizens.

Question 11

What were the Reconstruction amendments?

Answer 11

13th: abolished slavery (except criminal convictions) 14th: naturalized citizenship and equal protection 15th: universal male suffrage

Question 12

How did Lincoln’s assassination and Johnson’s impeachment affect Reconstruction?

Answer 12

His successor, Andrew Johnson, was a Southern apologist who was against affording rights to blacks. He vetoed most of Congress’s Reconstruction efforts and was ultimately impeached in 1868, allowing Radical Republicans to lead Reconstruction going forward

Question 13

Who were Radical Republicans?

Answer 13

Wing of the Republican Party that fought to extend equal civil rights to blacks and to establish political and economic punishments for seceded states

Question 14

What was Lincoln’s plan for readmitting seceded states?

Answer 14

At least 10% of the population must swear an oath of allegiance to the Union/Constitution and each state must ratify the 13th Amendment (abolish slavery)

Question 15

How did the war end?

Answer 15

General Sherman’s use of total war destroyed Confederate morale and resources. Quickly followed by Lee’s surrender to Grant

Question 16

March to the Sea

Answer 16

From November 15 until December 21, 1864, Union General William T. Sherman led some 60,000 soldiers on a 285-mile march from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia. The purpose of Sherman’s March to the Sea was to frighten Georgia’s civilian population into abandoning the Confederate cause.

Question 17

Appomattox Courthouse

Answer 17

On April 9, 1865, the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia in the McLean House in the village of Appomattox Court House, Virginia signaled the end of the nation’s largest war.

Question 18

Reconstruction

Answer 18

Reconstruction Era. (1865-1877) Period after the Civil War during which Northern political leaders created plans for the governance of the South and a procedure for former Southern states to rejoin the Union; Southern resentment of this era lasted well into the twentieth century.

Question 19

Manifest Destiny

Answer 19

19th C. American ideology advocating expansion across the North American continent and justified through perceived superiority of American culture, religion, technology, and democracy

Question 20

How did Texas become an independent republic?

Answer 20

As a Mexican territory, Americans were invited to settle and contribute to Mexico’s economy. Most brought Protestantism and slaves with them, causing tension with Catholic and abolitionist Mexico. War ensued, resulting in a Texan victory.

Question 21

Which territories/states were added during the Polk presidency?

Answer 21

Texas, Oregon, Mexican Cession (California, Nevada, Utah, and parts of Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming)

Question 22

What caused the Mexican-American War?

Answer 22

Dispute over Texas border (Rio Grande vs Nueces River) that turned violent

Question 23

Slavery was a big political issue in the years

Answer 23

1840s-1850s.

Question 24

Mexican Cession

Answer 24

After the Mexican-American war, American acquired a lot of land in the Treaty of Guadalupe and this caused a heated controversy of slavery between the political parties again.

Question 25

On August 8, 1846, Wilmot attached the ____on a military appropriations bill and banned slavery from all the territories acquired from_____. Though this law did not pass, it did influence the birth of the______

Answer 25

Wilmot Proviso
Mexico
FREE SOIL PARTY.

Question 26

On January 24, 1848, ____ discovered gold along the south fork of the American River east of ____causing over 80,000 people to move to the new territory. This caused the people to request the Congress to admit them into the Union as a___. This brought up the debate on slavery in the territory won from the Mexican war.

Answer 26

James Marshall
San Francisco

free state.

Question 27

The compromise of 1850 made by Henry Clay, Stephen Douglas, and Daniel Webster said:

Answer 27

1. The immediate admission of California as a free state
2. The abolition of the domestic slave trade, but not slavery itself in Washington, DC.
3. The establishment of territorial governments in the rest of the Mexican Cession “without the adoption of any restriction or condition on the subject of slavery”
4. Monetary compensation to Texas for the withdrawal of its claims to portions of New Mexico.

Question 28

In____ 1.7 million Irish people made a mass exodus to America where they worked low paying and dangerous jobs. The Irish were ___ and that freaked the “natives” out.

Answer 28

1845

Catholics

Question 29

Very few Germans and Irishmen settled to the South due to not wanting to compete with

Answer 29

Slave labor

Question 30

Know-Nothings

Answer 30

Nativist party who said “America must rule America”

Question 31

The Fugitive Slave Act influenced the Northerners in what way?

Answer 31

The northerners kept on seeing what they did not want to see…Slave hunters in the North

Question 32

This novel was a bestseller and intensified Northern opposition to slavery.

Answer 32

Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe

Question 33

The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 had many consequences such as

Answer 33

1) Repealing the Missouri Compromise ban n the extension of slavery into the Louisiana Territory.
2) A galvanized spontaneous outpouring o popular opposition in the North that led to the formation of the Republic Party.

3)