Period 4 (1800 - 1848) Flashcards
What are the main themes of this period?
*The U.S.’s expanding role in foreign affairs
*The transformation of the economy and society in the early years of the republic
*How Americans come to terms with the growing democratic impulses going on during this time
Who were the Barbary pirates?
After Thomas Jefferson stopped paying tribute to North Africa in exchange for protection of American merchant ships, the Barbary Pirates began attacking U.S. ships. U.S. navy was sent to deal with them, but the Jefferson administration was able to negotiate a reduced payment when things were escalating to war - they were able to stop things from getting worse
Who were the strict constructionists?
They were the democratic republicans, believing the gov. was ONLY able to do what was EXPLICITLY mentioned in the constitution.
Who were the loose constructionists?
They believed the gov. had a lot of flexibility with the const.’s written word, so they could do more than what was explicitly mentioned.
What was the Louisiana Purchase (1803)?
The U.S. bought all of Louisiana from Napoleon for $15,000,000. Jefferson felt conflicted over this, as the constitution did not say the President could buy foreign land. He defended his decision by saying that technically they just made a treaty, which is allowed.
What were the consequences of the Louisiana Purchase?
The U.S. more than doubled in size, which partly fulfilled the Agrarian Dream, and it increased Jefferson’s popularity.
What is the Agrarian Dream?
It was the idea of every American being a farmer, which allows them to be self-sufficient and not need the government. Jefferson was a big fan of this ideology
What are some key points about Lewis and Clark’s exploration?
*It lasted from 1804 - 1806
*It created a greater understanding of the territory
*their trail became the known trail through the West
*Furthered diplomatic relations with the Indigenous Peoples living there.
What was the effect of Marbury v. Madison? (1803)
It established the power of judicial review, which meant that the Supreme Court could declare laws unconstitutional (they could check balances)
What was the effect of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
The Supreme Court established the Supremacy Clause, which said that federal law trumped state law.
What was the Non-Intercourse Act of 1809?
It shut down trade between the U.S. and Britain & France because their fighting was obnoxious
What were the causes of the War of 1812?
*France & Britain kept fighting, which meant they kept seizing American merchant ships. U.S. wanted to remain neutral, but this was annoying.
*Indigenous Peoples and U.S. citizens were still fighting, and the Americans were convinced Britain had been stirring up their resistance
*British impressment (capturing Americans on the sea and forcing them to join Brit. army)
What was the Hartford Convention (Dec. 1814)?
The federalists met up, extremely against the war (of 1812). They tried to look for ways to end it, and even suggested that they should secede from the union.
What were the consequences of the War of 1812 (which America won)?
*It increased intense nationalism in the U.S.
*The federalist party met its demise, seen as unpatriotic and traitorous due to their stance against the war and ideas to secede
*The Era of Good Feelings began
*The U.S. realized that they had no national bank, which meant it was harder to raise funds. The lack of reliable means of infrastructure and transportation also meant that it was harder to move troops and materials during the war efforts
What did Henry Clay’s American System say?
- Spend federal funds on internal improvements
- Implement protective tariffs
- Re-establish the Bank of the United States
the first provision was vetoed by Pres. Madison, but the other 2 passed
What was the state of cultural nationalism in the U.S. during the Era of Good Feelings?
Art, literature, and ways of education all reflected nationalistic views, even bridging on somewhat propaganda-esque at times.
What was the Tariff of 1816?
It raised the tariff rate to protect U.S. industry from foreign industry.
What was the Panic of 1819?
The new Bank of the United States raised the credit rate to avoid inflation, which made it harder to get a loan, so people stopped taking loans at all.
*By 1819, the economy was almost in ruins. It was a recession
What was the Panic of 1819?
The new Bank of the United States raised the credit rate to avoid inflation, which made it harder to get a loan, so people stopped taking loans at all.
*By 1819, the economy was almost in ruins. It was a recession
What was the meaning of implied powers?
Congress could carry out any laws/acts that helped carry out enumerated laws. Under this, the U.S. national bank was okay
What were some reasons for Westward expansion?
*The removal of Natives by Andrew Jackson
*Economic pressures
*Improved transportation
*Increased immigration
What was the Tallmadge Amendment?
It prohibited further introductions of slavery in Missouri. It was not agreed upon because it would disrupt the balance in the senate between free and slave states.
What was the Missouri Compromise of 1820?
*It decided that Missouri would be admitted as a slave state, and Maine would be admitted as a free state to maintain balance.
*Established the Missouri Compromise Line/The 36 30 Line, which said above the line was closed to slavery and below the line was open to slavery.
What did the Rush-Bagot Agreement of 1817 do?
It created the border between Canada & the U.S. and decreased fighting between the U.S. & Britain at joint owned lanes
