Period 2 (1607-1754)

Question 1

What is the big idea of this period?

Answer 1

The colonies are forming their own identity

Question 2

What was the alliance between the French and the Ojibwe Indians like?

Answer 2

The Ojibwe prepared beaver skins for sale at market, and the French introduced iron cookware & manufactured cloth.

Question 3

What was the enclosure movement?

Answer 3

Peasants all throughout Eng. were displaced, AND REPLACED with sheep. The land was then closed off to keep the sheep in.

Question 4

What is a joint stock company?

Answer 4

A company where all people jointly own stock

Question 5

What was a corporate colony?

Answer 5

A colony owned by multiple people whose main goal was to make money

Question 6

What was a proprietary colony?

Answer 6

A colony owned by one person

Question 7

What was a royal colony?

Answer 7

A colony owned by the King

Question 8

What was a self-governing colony?

Answer 8

A colony run by the people. All colonies experienced this at some point

Question 9

What settled Jamestown and was the first example of a joint-stock colony?

Answer 9

the Virginia Company

Question 10

What problems did Jamestown run into at its beginning?

Answer 10

Location (swampy area + heat), noble population (300 begin, end with 53), Anglo-Powhatan War (1st war btwn. Eng. and Natives), and poor management

Question 11

What discovery in 1612 saved Jamestown?

Answer 11

John Rolfee began experimenting with tobacco cultivation, which led to the colonists making a lot of money

Question 12

What was the first representative assembly in America?

Answer 12

The House of Burgesses, which was created in 1619

Question 13

What is the Headright System?

Answer 13

50 acres of free land was given to every immigrant who came and paid for their passage,

Question 14

What is indentured servitude?

Answer 14

A major labor system in the colonies where poor Europeans who signed a labor contract that paid for their passage to the New World, agreeing to work for around 7 years in return.

Question 15

What was Bacon’s Rebellion?

Answer 15

In 1676, angry poor farmer sick of all the work and the class divide btwn. the elite and poor fought against farmers and burnt down Jamestown. It was led by Nathaniel Bacon

Question 16

What was one of the impacts of Bacon’s Rebellion?

Answer 16

The colonies shifted from indentured servitude to slave labor

Question 17

What was the Southern colonies’ economic system based on?

Answer 17

cash crops, which were specific crops that would make the farmers very wealthy. This included tobacco, sugar, rice, indigo, and eventually cotton. It made more money than farming a wide variety, but increased their reliance on slave labor

Question 18

What was the first rebellion against slavery in the colonies?

Answer 18

Stono Rebellion in 1739

Question 19

What was the difference between the goals behind Southern and Northern colonies?

Answer 19

The South was seeking to make money, while the North was usually seeking religious freedom

Question 20

What was the difference between the goals behind Southern and Northern colonies?

Answer 20

The South was seeking to make money, while the North was usually seeking religious freedom

Question 21

Who were the puritans?

Answer 21

They wanted to “purify” the Anglican Church of any Catholic tendencies

Question 22

Who were the separatists?

Answer 22

They were essentially a radical version of puritans, wanting to separate from the Eng. Church entirely. They were forced to leave England and wound up going to Virginia on the Mayflower in 1620, eventually establishing the colony of Plymouth

Question 23

What was the Mayflower Compact?

Answer 23

It detailed how the citizens of the colony of Plymouth would live their lives, detailing religious freedom if you believed the same things they believed

Question 24

What was the Massachusetts Bay Colony?

Answer 24

It was a colony near Plymouth, set up by John Winthrop and a bunch of puritans. It was also the first English settlement in New England, serving as a model of Protestantism

Question 25

What was the message of John Winthrop’s “City Upon A Hill” speech ?

Answer 25

It set up the idea of Christian charity and goal to prove that the puritans/Massachusetts Bay Colony had the best way of life. Everyone was watching, so they could not mess up

Question 26

What was the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?

Answer 26

The first written constitution in American history

Question 27

What were the beliefs of the Quakers?

Answer 27

1. all women and men were equal
2. anti-violence
3. religious salvation was found in the soul, not any figure

Question 28

What was the point of the colony of Georgia?

Answer 28

It was a way to remove the poor from England, having them pay off debts through work in Georgia. Once they’d paid everything off, they were granted land.

Question 29

What was the period of Salutary Neglect?

Answer 29

the time period in which England left the colonies alone

Question 30

What were some signs of a uniquely American culture/attitude forming?

Answer 30

*Halfway covenants in New England colonies, where new generations no longer had to fulfill the covenant all the way.
*the New England Confederation of 1643, the 1st experiment in colonial cooperation
*after winning King Philip’s War, New England was able to end most Indigenous People’s resistance against them

Question 31

What were the Triangular Trades?

Answer 31

Merchant ships would follow a 3-part journey on a triangular trading route. 1st they would carry rum to West Africa and trade it for enslaved people, then they would sail the middle passage with enslaved people packed in at an astonishingly unhealthy rate to the West Indies and trade the enslaved people for sugarcane, and finally they would sell the sugarcane in New England for people to make rum with. This then repeated

Question 32

What is mercantilism?

Answer 32

an economic system based off trade

Question 33

Why were colonies important in mercantilism?

Answer 33

colonies were a big source of raw materials and markets for manufactured goods, which was how England would get anything

Question 34

What were the Navigation Acts?

Answer 34

In 1650-1673, any trade to or from must be carried by English or colonial ships, imported goods must go through English ports, and specific goods could be exported to England ONLY

Question 35

What specific goods could only be exported to England?

Answer 35

tobacco, lumbar, sugar, cotton, wool indigo, and more.

Question 36

What impact did mercantilism have on the colonies?

Answer 36

The colonies received protection from England, they had a dependable market, and there was a huge growth of smuggling in the colonies (which the British generally turned a blind eye to)

Question 37

Why did every British colony participate in the slave trade?

Answer 37

They gained extraordinary wealth from coerced labor, as well as export economies dedicated to tobacco, sugarcane, and indigo

Question 38

What was King Philip’s War/Metacom’s War?

Answer 38

Indigenous tribes banded together to force out the British because they knew the colonists would encroach on their way of life. They were led by Chief Metacom. Unfortunately, they lost.

Question 39

What did self-government look like?

Answer 39

All colonies had a representative in an assembly governing for all the colonies.

Question 40

What did every colony have at one point?

Answer 40

Self-government, religious toleration, no hereditary aristocracy, and social mobility

Question 41

What was different about the aristocracy in the colonies?

Answer 41

Rather than a societal hierarchy based on familial relations, the colonies based one’s place in the hierarchy on their wealth.

Question 42

What was the Great Awakening?

Answer 42

Preachers noticed a lack of faith in the colonies and began scaring people into begin religious, saying they would go to hell if they weren’t.

Question 43

Who was Jonathan Edwards?

Answer 43

He was a New England minister in Northampton. He wrote “Sinners in the hands of an angry god,” which asserted that God was not only angry, but would send you to hell if you did not make a change and return to religion

Question 44

Who was George Whitfield?

Answer 44

He was an evangelist who spread throughout the colonies, preaching whenever and wherever possible, garnering incredibly large crowds.

Question 45

What was the Great Awakening’s impact?

Answer 45

*religious powers went from ministers to the people
*people were learning to read more so they could read The Bible
*democratizing effect on society
*property ownership was no longer needed to vote

Question 46

What is a “watchdog”

Answer 46

A journalist. When they saw something wrong with the gov., they would “bark” by reporting on it

Question 47

What was the John Peter Zenger Case?

Answer 47

Zenger, a printer and journalist, was arrested for printing criticism of government officials. British law was supposed to punish him for such acts, but the American jury ignored British law and found him not guilty

Question 48

Who was John Locke?

Answer 48

A 17th century philosophical thinker in England

Question 49

What were the 2 Treatises of Government?

Answer 49

The state government is supreme authority and it’s bound to follow natural laws - we must obey the government, as long as it provides us our basic human rights

Question 50

What was the enlightenment?

Answer 50

Thinkers believed the world had gone through a dark age, but also that it could be corrected with logic and reason

Question 51

What are the natural rights?

Answer 51

The basic human rights we have from birth (life, liberty, and property)

Question 52

What is the social contract?

Answer 52

The government gets its power from the consent of the governed

Question 53

What did Locke say about humans?

Answer 53

If left to one’s own devices, humans are evil and selfish. To avoid this, we give up our rights to the government

Question 54

What was going on with local governments in 1750?

Answer 54

Voting restrictions were being removed. Less land ownership was needed and there were no longer religious restrictions.