Period 3 P.2 Flashcards
What is an internal combustion engine?
An engine in which the combustion of fuel with air creates hot gases that do work, such as moving a piston while they expand. This engine was developed in the 19th century and replaced the steam engine.
What is the fossil fuels revolution?
The shift towards human reliance on fossil fuels as a result of industrialization, such as coal for the steam engine and petroleum for the internal combustion engine.
What was the Second Industrial Revolution?
A phase of rapid industrialization from the late 19th to early 20th century, also known as the technological revolution, marked by advancements in steel production, electricity, and petroleum use.
What are steamships?
Ships powered by a steam engine that greatly reduced travel time and increased the amount of goods that could be transported across rivers and oceans.
What is the telegraph?
A communication system for transmitting messages through code within seconds; invented in the 2nd phase of the industrial revolution.
What was the Meiji Era?
A period of modernizing, westernizing, and industrializing in Japan, developed to strengthen Japan’s role on the global stage.
What are free trade policies?
Trade policies that minimize government involvement and taxation and emphasize capitalist principles.
Who is Adam Smith?
A philosopher and author who wrote The Wealth of Nations, known as the father of laissez-faire capitalism and advocated for free trade policies.
What does laissez-faire mean?
Meaning ‘Hands off’ in French, it advocates for an economy based on the laws of supply and demand, with minimal government intervention.
What is a transnational business?
A business that operates in more than one country.
What are labor unions?
Organizations of workers who advocate for more rights and better working conditions.
Who is Karl Marx?
A German scholar and writer known as the father of Communism.
What is socialism?
A system where the means of production are communally owned and wealth is redistributed to promote equality and eliminate social classes.
What is communism?
An extreme form of socialism which calls for a revolution to achieve socialist ideals.
What is imperialism?
When a powerful country exerts its power/control over other places through diplomacy or military force.
