Chapter 30 And 31, Independent Americas And Societies At Crossroads Flashcards
What was the Taiping Rebellion?
A movement to abolish private property, prohibit foot binding, promote education, simplify Chinese writing, and reject Manchu rule.
Fueled the uprising against the Qing Dynasty.
What led to the signing of unequal treaties by the Qing Dynasty?
The military weakness, corruption, and refusal to adapt Western technology of the Qing Dynasty.
Resulted from unequal treaties with Western powers.
What are spheres of influence in the context of China?
Regions where foreign powers had exclusive rights and privileges, leading to mistrust among them and preventing complete division of China.
Why did the British trade opium with China?
It was their most profitable trade good.
What was the Crimean War?
A conflict (1853-56) between Russia and an alliance of France, Britain, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia over control of holy sites.
Russia lost, weakening them militarily.
What was the outcome of the Russo-Japanese War?
Japan emerged stronger while Russia weakened, with Japan destroying the majority of the Russian navy.
What was Count Witte’s policy of industrialization?
A strategy to nationalize key industries (coal and steel), construct the Trans-Siberian Railroad, and encourage domestic savings and investments.
What was the Russian strategy for political reform?
Many anarchists believed that individual freedom could not be realized until all government was abolished.
What was La Reforma?
A liberal Mexican movement in the 1850s aimed at limiting the influence of the military and the Roman Catholic Church.
Who was President Benito Juarez?
A Mexican president who sought to limit the influence of the military and the Roman Catholic Church in society and the constitution in 1875.
What action did Juarez take regarding international debt?
He suspended international debt payments due to Mexico’s financial instability.
Why did Europeans intervene in Mexico?
To protect their investments, leading to the occupation of Caribbean ports.
What privileges were lost during La Reforma?
Military officials, Roman Catholic clergy, and other elites lost some of their privileges.
What rights were guaranteed to Mexicans during La Reforma?
Universal male suffrage and personal freedoms, such as freedom of speech, regardless of class or race.
What was the influence of the British in Mexico ?
They contributed food, mineral ores, and livestock.
Who was Juan Manuel de Rosas?
A strong leader in Argentina who descended from common people and violently suppressed opposition.
What was the impact of Rosas’ rule?
His rule led to many deaths due to the violent suppression of opposition.
Who was President Domingo Faustino Sarmiento?
An Argentine president known for his book ‘Facundo,’ advocating for Buenos Aires and its European culture.
What was Sarmiento’s view on the countryside?
He believed that the European culture of Buenos Aires was necessary to discipline the unruly countryside.
Opening of Japan
Japan opened to the West primarily due to the threat of Western military force. The US and European powers forced Japan to open its ports and trade.
Meiji Reform
Copied the West to avoid Western imperialism and build a strong Japan. They understood the danger of Western power and sought to modernize to survive.
Tokugawa Shogunate
Fell largely because of resentment over unequal treaties with the West. Commodore Perry’s arrival and the subsequent treaties caused widespread anger and contributed to the shogunate’s downfall.
Janissary Loyalty
Inconsistent; Coups & neglected training.
Tanzimat Opposition
Bureaucracy SUPPORTED reforms (gained power)
Ottoman Decline (19th century)
Loss of Egypt
Tanzimat Legal reforms (missing right)
Women’s right to sue for divorce.
Tanzimat reforms did include: right to privacy, equality before the law, and public trials in civil courts.
