Period 2 Vocab

Question 1

Gunpowder empire

Answer 1

Large, multiethnic states in Eurasia that relied on firearms to conquer and control territories

AP World History Modern Essential Vocabulary

Question 2

Bureaucratic elites

Answer 2

People who carry out the organizational functioning of a hierarchical government of non-elected officials

AP World History Modern Essential Vocabulary

Question 3

Devshirme

Answer 3

A selection system that recruited Christian boys to forcefully serve in the Ottoman government. Boys ages 8 to 20 were taken each year from conquered Christian territories in Europe. The highest ranking elite military members were called Janissaries

AP World History Modern Essential Vocabulary

Question 4

Legitimize

Answer 4

Actions made by a ruler to validate their power and authority to their subjects, often promoted through religion, art and architecture

AP World History Modern Essential Vocabulary

Question 5

Tribute system

Answer 5

Goods given as a sign of respect, submission, or allegiance to a powerful state

AP World History Modern Essential Vocabulary

Question 6

Tax farming

Answer 6

A system where the right to collect taxes is in the hands of local officials (who often gained the position through an auction) This was a practice in the Ottoman Empire, but a similar system also existed in the Mughal Empire

AP World History Modern Essential Vocabulary

Question 7

Protestant Reformation

Answer 7

Protests against the Catholic Church’s corruption and demanded reform, leading to the formation of Protestantism. Led by Martin Luther

AP World History Modern Essential Vocabulary

Question 8

Counter Reformation

Answer 8

Catholic Church’s response to the Protestant Reformation in order to revive their reputation and popularity

AP World History Modern Essential Vocabulary

Question 9

Sunni-Shi’ a Divide

Answer 9

The division of the two main branches of Islam that began after the death of Muhammad in the 7c. The disagreement stems from who each group believed should be the successor of Muhammad.

AP World History Modern Essential Vocabulary

Question 10

Sikhism

Answer 10

Late 15th c. syncretic religion that developed in South Asia combining elements of Hindu and Muslim beliefs

AP World History Modern Essential Vocabulary

Question 11

Magnetic compass

Answer 11

Chinese invention from 206 BCE that allowed sailors to steer a ship in the right direction by using a magnetized needle that can pivot to align itself with magnetic north

AP World History Modern Essential Vocabulary

Question 12

Astrolabe

Answer 12

A device invented in 225 BCE, that was used by sailors to find out how far north or south they were from the equator

AP World History Modern Essential Vocabulary

Question 13

Lateen sails

Answer 13

A 2nd c. Arab invention of a ship sail in the shape of a triangle which allowed a ship to travel in different directions by catching the wind on either side of the ship

AP World History Modern Essential Vocabulary

Question 14

Stern rudder

Answer 14

1st c. Chinese invention of a vertical blade or board located at the stern (rear) of a ship, used for steering. It replaces older steering methods, such as the steering oar, and provides greater control and maneuverability for ships

AP World History Modern Essential Vocabulary

Question 15

Astronomical Charts

Answer 15

Map of the stars and galaxies that mariners relied on to guide ships’ direction (used in many cultures, dating as far back as ancient Egyptians)

AP World History Modern Essential Vocabulary

Question 16

Caravel

Answer 16

15th c. Portuguese invention of a small, three-masted sailing ship that allowed sailors to cross oceans

AP World History Modern Essential Vocabulary