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A2 Chemistry > Period 3 Oxides > Flashcards

Period 3 Oxides Flashcards

1
Q

Describe what you would observe when sodium reacts with water

A

Vigorous reaction
Fizzing
Floating on water
Movement on water

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2
Q

Why does sodium float on water?

A

Because it’s less dense

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3
Q

Is the reaction between sodium and water endo or exothermic?

A

Exothermic

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4
Q

Give the molecular equation of sodium and water

A

2Na + 2H2O —-> 2NaOH + H2

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5
Q

What is the pH of the solution formed from sodium and water?

A

Alkaline

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6
Q

Describe what you would observe when magnesium reacts with cold water

A

Slow reaction

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7
Q

Give the molecular equation of magnesium and cold water

A

Mg + 2H2O —> Mg(OH)2 + H2

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8
Q

What state is the magnesium hydroxide in when it’s formed from magnesium and cold water?

A

As a thin layer on the magnesium

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9
Q

Describe what you would observe when magnesium reacts with steam?

A

Vigorous reaction
White light
Produces white solid

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10
Q

Give the molecular equation of magnesium and steam

A

Mg + H2O (g) —-> MgO + H2

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11
Q

How would you set up a reaction of magnesium and steam?

A

Put test tube into a clamp with damp cotton wool and magnesium
Attach delivery tube to test tube and upturned glass tube/measuring cylinder under water in trough of water
Heat to produce steam

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12
Q

Give the equation of sodium and oxygen

A

4Na + O2 —> 2Na2O

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13
Q

What is observed when sodium and oxygen react

A

Burns with a yellow flame

Forms white solid of Na2O

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14
Q

Is sodium oxide acidic, basic or amphoteric?

A

Basic

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15
Q

What is the bonding in sodium oxide and explain how this relates to its properties

A

Giant ionic lattice - gives it a high melting point

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16
Q

Give the equation for the reaction of magnesium and oxygen

A

2Mg + O2 —> 2MgO

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17
Q

Describe what you would observe in the reaction of magnesium and oxygen

A

Burns with a white flame to produce a white solid

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18
Q

Is magnesium oxide basic, acidic or amphoteric?

A

Basic

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19
Q

What is the bonding in magnesium oxide and explain how this relates to its properties

A

Giant ionic lattice - high melting point

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20
Q

Give the equation for the reaction of aluminium and oxygen

A

4Al + 3O2 —> 2Al2O3

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21
Q

Describe what you would see when aluminium and oxygen react

A

Burns with a white flame to produce a white solid

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22
Q

Is aluminium acidic, basic or amphoteric

A

Amphoteric

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23
Q

What is the bonding in aluminium oxide?

A

Ionic, but because of the high charges on the ions they polarise and the compound has some covalent character

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24
Q

In what form does aluminium react best and why?

A

In the powdered form bc as foil, a passive protective oxide layer prevents reaction

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25
Give the equation for the reaction of silicon and oxygen
Si + O2 ----> SiO2
26
What are the conditions for the reaction of silicon and oxygen?
Heated strongly
27
What kind of bonding does silicon dioxide have?
Covalent - macromolecular
28
Is silicon dioxide acidic, amphoteric or basic?
Acidic
29
What are the formulae of the two oxides of sulfur dioxide?
SO2 and SO3
30
Give the equations which form the two oxides of sulfur
S + O2 ---> SO2 | 2SO2 + O2 ---- 2SO3
31
Describe what you would see when sulfur reacts with oxygen
Yellow solid sulfur melts to a red liquid which burns with a blue flame
32
What is the trend in bonding across period 3?
Gets more covalent | Goes from giant ionic to molecular covalent
33
What is the trend in melting point across period 3?
Melting point decreases bc lower Mr and weaker bonding so less energy needed to break the intermolecular forces + bonds
34
What is the trend in pH of the oxides across period 3?
Oxides get more acidic as you go from left to right | pH decreases
35
Explain the change in melting point between Na2O and MgO
Increases - ions in MgO have a higher charge and are smaller so they pack more tightly together and are held together strongly
36
Explain the change in melting point between MgO and Al2O3
Decreases - Bc of the high charge on Al2O3 the electrons polarises so it has some covalent character
37
Explain the change in melting point between Al2O3 and SiO2
Lower than Al2O3 but still high bc macroolecular so hella energy needed to break the covalent bonds
38
Explain the change in melting point between SiO2 and P4O10 and SO2
Decreases bc P4O10 is molecular covalent so weak intermolecular forces. Still higher than SO2 bc higher Mr
39
Give the equation of phosphorous and oxygen
4P + 5O2 ---> P4O10
40
Is phosphorus oxide acidic, basic or amphoteric?
Acidic
41
Give the equation of sodium oxide and water
2Na2O + 2H2O ----> 4NaOH
42
Give the equation of magnesium oxide and water
MgO + H2O ---> Mg(OH)2
43
Why do sodium oxide and magnesium oxide dissolve in water to give basic solutions?
Because they have an O2- ion which acts as a base O2- + 2H2O ---> 4OH- O2- + 2H+ -----> H2O
44
Why don't Al2O3 and SiO2 dissolve in water?
Because they're insoluble
45
Give the equation of phosphorus oxide and water
P4O10 + 6H2O ---> 4H3PO4
46
Give the equation of sulfur dioxide with water
SO2 + H2O ----> H2SO3
47
Give the equation of sulfur trioxide with water
SO3 + H2O -----> H2SO4
48
What is the pH of the solutions of ionic oxides
Basic
49
What is the pH of the solutions of covalent oxides
Acidic
50
Give the reaction of sodium oxide with hydrochloric acid
Na2O + HCl ---> NaCl + H2O
51
Give the reaction of magnesium oxide and hydrochloric acid
MgO + 2HCl ---> MgCl2 + H2O
52
Why can magnesium oxide and sodium oxide react with hydrochloric acid?
They're bases so they can react with acids. O2- ions react with H+ in water or acids
53
Give the reaction of aluminium oxide and hydrochloric acids
Al2O3 + 6HCl ----> 2AlCl3 + 3H2O
54
Give the reaction of aluminium oxide and sodium hydroxide
Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O ----> 2NaAl(OH)4
55
Give the equations of the reaction of phosphoric acid with sodium hydroxide
NaOH + H3PO4 ----> NaH2PO4 + H2O 2NaOH + H3PO4 ----> NaHPO4 + 2H2O 3NAOH + H3P4 -----> NaPO4 + 3H2O
56
Give the reaction of silicon dioxie and calcium oxide
SiO2 + CaO ---> CaSiO3
57
Give the reaction of silicon dioxide and sodium hydroxide
SiO2 + 2NaOH ----> Na2SiO3 + H2O
58
Give the reactionof sufur dioxide and sodium hydroxide
NaOH + SO2 ---> Na2SO3 + H2O
59
Give the reaction of sodium sulfite and sulfur dioxide
Na2SO3 + H2O + SO2 ----> 2NaHSO3
60
Ionic formula of aluminium oxide and an acid
Al2O3 + 6H+ -----> Al^3+ + 3H2O
61
Ionic formula of aluminium oxide and a base
Al2O3 + 2OH- + 3H2O -----> 2Al(OH)4-
62
Ionic formula of silicon dioxide with a base
SiO2 + OH- ----> SiO3^2- + H2O
63
Ionic formula of phosphorus oxide with a base
P4O10 + 12OH- ---> PO4^3- + 6H2O
64
Equation of phosphorus oxide and sodium oxide
P4O10 + 6Na2O ----> 4Na3PO4
65
Equation of phosphorus oxide and magnesium oxide
P4O10 + MgO ----> Mg3(PO4)2
66
Sulfur dioxide and a base
SO2 + OH- ----> SiO3^2- + H2O
67
Sulfur trioxide and a base
SO3 + 2OH- ----> SO4^2- + H2O
68
What do acid oxides form when they react with water?
Oxyacids
69
What is the bonding in oxyacids
Covalent
70
What is the shape and bond angle of all anions from phosphoric acid?
Tetrahedral - 109.5
71
What is the formula of phosphoric acid?
H3PO4
72
What is the formula of the dihydrogenphosphate (V) ion
H2PO4^-
73
What is the formula of the hydrogenphosphate ion
HPO4^2-
74
What is the formula of the phosphate ion
PO4^3-
75
How many covalent bonds can phosphoric acid form and why?
5 covalent bonds because it promotes electrons to the 3d sub shell
76
What is the shape and bond angle of the sulfuric (IV) acid?
Pyramidal and 107.5
77
What is the formula of sulfuric (IV) acid?
H2SO3
78
What is the formula of the hydrogensulfate (IV) ion?
HSO3^-
79
What is the formula of the sulfate (IV) ion?
SO3^2-
80
What is the shape and bond angle of sulfuric (VI) acid
Tetrahedral - 109.5
81
What is the formula for sulfuric (VI) acid?
H2SO4
82
What is the formula of the hydrogensulfate (VI) ion?
HSO4-
83
What is the formula of the sulfate (VI) ion?
SO4^2-

A2 Chemistry (17 decks)

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