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APUSH > Period 3 (1754-1800) Terms > Flashcards

Period 3 (1754-1800) Terms Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

French and Indian War (1754-1763)

A

War between Britain, aided by colonies, and France, aided by Native Americans, over the Ohio River Valley. Also referred to as the Seven Year War.

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2
Q

Fort Duquesne

A

French fort in the Ohio River Valley that was attacked by the British, and ended in a British lost. Began the war.

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3
Q

Fort Necessity

A

British fort built while retreating from Fort Duquesne, was destroyed by the French.

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4
Q

Albany Plan of Union

A

A plan to create a colonial assembly of representatives, overseen by a royal governor. Proposed by Benjamin Franklin.

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5
Q

Treaty of Paris

A

The treaty signed in Paris in 1763 that officially ended the French and Indian War. Gave almost all of North America to Britain.

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6
Q

Pontiac Rebellion

A

A rebellion of Native Americans led by Chief Pontiac over Britain’s poor treatment of Native Americans.

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7
Q

Proclamation Line of 1763

A

A royal proclamation that said no colonists could enter the Ohio River Valley. Intended to ease tensions with Native Americans.

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8
Q

Paxton Boys

A

1764: A group of Scottish and Irish men who led a protest in Philadelphia due to the Quaker’s lenient treatment of the Native Americans.

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9
Q

Great Awakening

A

A religious movement intended to revive faith in the church following the Salem Witch Trials.

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10
Q

Regulator Movement

A

1760: A movement in North Carolina by Scottish and Irish men who were protesting the unequal distribution of taxes.

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11
Q

New Lights

A

Modern-thinking clergy members who embraced the Great Awakening.

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12
Q

Old Lights

A

Orthodox members of the clergy who felt the new ways of preaching were unnecessary.

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13
Q

Albany Congress

A

A conference that was help from June 19-July 11, 1754 that called for the unification of the colonies and a positive relationship with the Iroquois.

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14
Q

Sugar Act

A

1764: A tax on any sugar import to the colonies.

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15
Q

Currency Act

A

1764-65: An act stating that colonies must use the British Pound, and were not allowed to make their own currency.

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16
Q

Stamp Act

A

1765: Tax on all legal documents in the colonies.

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17
Q

Sons of Liberty

A

Men in the colonies who led the revolution, semi-secretly.

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18
Q

Daughters of Liberty

A

Women in the colonies who carried through the boycotts on taxed goods and imports.

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19
Q

Declaratory Act

A

Basically, Britain re-stated that they had the hierarchical power over the colonies.

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20
Q

Townsend Acts

A

Taxes on any imports to the colonies.

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21
Q

Boston Massacre

A

1770: A crowd harassed a group of British soldiers, someone fired on accident, and 5 colonists died.

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22
Q

Tea Act

A

Mandated that the colonies could only buy tea from the British East India Company.

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23
Q

Boston Tea Party

A

A bunch of angry colonists dressed up as Native Americans, overtook ships with tea on board, and dumped all of the tea into Boston Harbor.

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24
Q

Intolerable Acts

A

A set of acts imposed by the British following the Boston Tea Party.

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25
Q

Boston Port Act

A

Shut down all trade in the Port of Boston. (Intolerable Act)

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26
Q

Massachusetts Government Act

A

Stated the Massachusetts was not allowed to have their own colonial government. (Intolerable Act)

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27
Q

Quartering Act

A

Stated that British soldiers were allowed to use any colonist’s house they felt like, and the owner had to provide them food and shelter. (Intolerable Act)

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28
Q

“Murder Act”

A

An act that said British soldiers could request to have any of their trials occur in England rather than the colonies. (Intolerable Act)

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29
Q

Quebec Act

A

Allowed Quebec to form its own government and allowed them to follow some French laws over British. (Intolerable Act)

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30
Q

Minutemen

A

Colonial militia men who were said to be ready to fight in a minute.

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31
Q

Republicanism

A

An idea the defines a just society as one where all citizens subordinated their private interests to the common good.

32
Q

Radical Whigs

A

British political commentators who believed that the liberty of the people was threatened by the whim of the monarch.

33
Q

Non-importation Agreement

A

Pledges to boycott certain goods from abroad following the Sugar Act.

34
Q

First Continental Congress

A

A colonial congregation that met from September 5-October 26, 1774 in response to the Intolerable Acts.

35
Q

Declaration of Rights

A

A document written at the First Continental Congress that advocated for war with Britain.

36
Q

Lexington & Concord

A

April 19, 1775: First battle in the Revolutionary War, ended in a British retreat to Boston.

37
Q

Committees of Correspondence

A

Committees that spread propaganda and secret information through letters to those who supported the revolution.

38
Q

Second Continental Congress

A

Met in June and July 1776 and resulted in the writing of the Declaration of Independence.

39
Q

Olive Branch Petition

A

The final attempt by the colonies to reconcile with Britain, but it was rejected by Parliament.

40
Q

Hessians

A

German mercenaries hired by Britain during the war.

41
Q

Privateers

A

Privately owned, armed ships specifically authorized by Congress to prey upon enemy shipping.

42
Q

Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania

A

A series of letters written by John Dickinson that opposed the British policies, claiming they stripped colonists of their natural rights.

43
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

A document written by Thomas Jefferson that detailed the reasons the colonies were breaking off from Britain.

44
Q

Common Sense

A

An essay written by Thomas Paine explaining why the revolution was necessary.

45
Q

Patriots

A

Supporters of the revolution.

46
Q

Whigs

A

Supporters of the revolution.

47
Q

Loyalists

A

Colonists who were loyal to Britain.

48
Q

Torries

A

Colonists who were loyal to Britain.

49
Q

Moderates

A

Colonists who didn’t care either way.

50
Q

Northwest Ordinance

A

Stated that slavery was illegal above the Ohio River.

51
Q

Barbary Coast Pirates

A

First group America had international conflict with. War near the Mediterranean to gain access to Mediterranean ports.

52
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A

1787: An uprising of Virginia farmers, led by Daniel Shay, rioted in the capital due to raised taxes on farmers. George Washington and a few remaining troops from Continental Army had to come put the rebellion down.

53
Q

Second Constitutional Convention

A

Held from March to September 1787 in Philadelphia. Was a congregation of representatives who met to scrap the Articles of Confederation in order to create a new government.

54
Q

Virginia Plan

A

Proposed by James Madison. Had the following stipulations:

  • 3 branches of government
  • Bicameral
  • House and Senate representation both determined by population.
55
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

Proposed by William Paterson. Had the following stipulations:

  • Unicameral
  • Each state only gets one vote
56
Q

Connecticut Compromise

A

Proposed by Roger Sherman. Had the following stipulations:

  • Bicameral
  • House representation determined by population size
  • In the Senate each state gets 2 votes regardless
57
Q

3/5 Compromise

A

For every 5 slaves in the South, the South could count 3 people for their population size.

58
Q

Commerce Compromise

A

Federal government is not allowed to tax exports, but can tax imports.

59
Q

Elastic Clause

A

States, “Congress has the power to create laws that are necessary and proper.” Put in to ensure Congress could make laws that can’t be foreseen being needed.

60
Q

Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom

A

A document written by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison that argued that compulsory religion and discrimination against someone for what they do or don’t believe is a violation of their natural rights.

61
Q

Demigods

A

Name given to high-ranking members of the Constitutional Convention by Thomas Jefferson.

62
Q

Judiciary Act of 1789

A

Formed the Supreme Court and all other local court systems.

63
Q

Excise Tax

A

A tax on the manufacturing of an item, namely whiskey.

64
Q

Whiskey Rebellion of 1794

A

Rebellion started by “Whiskey Boys” that occurred in 1794 as a result of the Excise Tax.

65
Q

XYZ Affair

A

A commission was sent to France in 1797 to patch up relations, but failed because they wouldn’t pay a bribe to meet with the foreign minister. John Adams made the incident public in 1798 and substituted names with “X”, “Y”, and Z”.

66
Q

Convention of 1800

A

A treaty that ended France’s peacetime military alliance with America.

67
Q

Battle of Fallen Timbers

A

An attack on Native Americans who were invading the Northwest. Led by General “Mad” Anthony Wayne.

68
Q

Pickney’s Treaty

A

A treaty with Spain that gave America free passage of the Mississippi River, and a large portion of North Florida.

69
Q

Federalist

A

Supported having a strong Federal Government while writing the constitution. Notable Federalists: George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison.

70
Q

Anti-Federalist

A

Supported having sting state governments, and a weak central government while writing the Constitution. Notable Anti-Federalists: Sam Adams, Patrick Henry, James Winthrop, and Mercy Otis Warren.

71
Q

Bill of Rights

A

The first 10 amendments to the Constitution. Used to convince Anti-Federalists to ratify the Constitution.

72
Q

Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans

A

Political party created by Thomas Jefferson to counteract Hamilton’s Federalists. Believed in weak central government.

73
Q

Hamiltonian Federalists

A

Political party created by Alexander Hamilton to counteract Jefferson’s Republicans. Believed in a strong central government.

74
Q

Revenue Act of 1789

A

Tariff that put an 8% tax on imports.

75
Q

Whiskey Boys

A

Leaders of the Whiskey Rebellion in Pennsylvania.

76
Q

Alien Acts

A

Laws passed under John Adams that changed residency requirements from 5 to 14 years, and stated that the president can deport any foreigner they deem dangerous.

77
Q

Sedition Act

A

States that anyone who criticizes the government can be fined and/or thrown in prison.

APUSH (7 decks)

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