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APUSH > Period 3 (1754-1800) Terms > Flashcards

Period 3 (1754-1800) Terms Flashcards

1
Q

French and Indian War (1754-1763)

A

War between Britain, aided by colonies, and France, aided by Native Americans, over the Ohio River Valley. Also referred to as the Seven Year War.

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2
Q

Fort Duquesne

A

French fort in the Ohio River Valley that was attacked by the British, and ended in a British lost. Began the war.

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3
Q

Fort Necessity

A

British fort built while retreating from Fort Duquesne, was destroyed by the French.

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4
Q

Albany Plan of Union

A

A plan to create a colonial assembly of representatives, overseen by a royal governor. Proposed by Benjamin Franklin.

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5
Q

Treaty of Paris

A

The treaty signed in Paris in 1763 that officially ended the French and Indian War. Gave almost all of North America to Britain.

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6
Q

Pontiac Rebellion

A

A rebellion of Native Americans led by Chief Pontiac over Britain’s poor treatment of Native Americans.

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7
Q

Proclamation Line of 1763

A

A royal proclamation that said no colonists could enter the Ohio River Valley. Intended to ease tensions with Native Americans.

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8
Q

Paxton Boys

A

1764: A group of Scottish and Irish men who led a protest in Philadelphia due to the Quaker’s lenient treatment of the Native Americans.

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9
Q

Great Awakening

A

A religious movement intended to revive faith in the church following the Salem Witch Trials.

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10
Q

Regulator Movement

A

1760: A movement in North Carolina by Scottish and Irish men who were protesting the unequal distribution of taxes.

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11
Q

New Lights

A

Modern-thinking clergy members who embraced the Great Awakening.

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12
Q

Old Lights

A

Orthodox members of the clergy who felt the new ways of preaching were unnecessary.

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13
Q

Albany Congress

A

A conference that was help from June 19-July 11, 1754 that called for the unification of the colonies and a positive relationship with the Iroquois.

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14
Q

Sugar Act

A

1764: A tax on any sugar import to the colonies.

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15
Q

Currency Act

A

1764-65: An act stating that colonies must use the British Pound, and were not allowed to make their own currency.

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16
Q

Stamp Act

A

1765: Tax on all legal documents in the colonies.

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17
Q

Sons of Liberty

A

Men in the colonies who led the revolution, semi-secretly.

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18
Q

Daughters of Liberty

A

Women in the colonies who carried through the boycotts on taxed goods and imports.

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19
Q

Declaratory Act

A

Basically, Britain re-stated that they had the hierarchical power over the colonies.

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20
Q

Townsend Acts

A

Taxes on any imports to the colonies.

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21
Q

Boston Massacre

A

1770: A crowd harassed a group of British soldiers, someone fired on accident, and 5 colonists died.

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22
Q

Tea Act

A

Mandated that the colonies could only buy tea from the British East India Company.

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23
Q

Boston Tea Party

A

A bunch of angry colonists dressed up as Native Americans, overtook ships with tea on board, and dumped all of the tea into Boston Harbor.

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24
Q

Intolerable Acts

A

A set of acts imposed by the British following the Boston Tea Party.

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25
Boston Port Act
Shut down all trade in the Port of Boston. (Intolerable Act)
26
Massachusetts Government Act
Stated the Massachusetts was not allowed to have their own colonial government. (Intolerable Act)
27
Quartering Act
Stated that British soldiers were allowed to use any colonist's house they felt like, and the owner had to provide them food and shelter. (Intolerable Act)
28
"Murder Act"
An act that said British soldiers could request to have any of their trials occur in England rather than the colonies. (Intolerable Act)
29
Quebec Act
Allowed Quebec to form its own government and allowed them to follow some French laws over British. (Intolerable Act)
30
Minutemen
Colonial militia men who were said to be ready to fight in a minute.
31
Republicanism
An idea the defines a just society as one where all citizens subordinated their private interests to the common good.
32
Radical Whigs
British political commentators who believed that the liberty of the people was threatened by the whim of the monarch.
33
Non-importation Agreement
Pledges to boycott certain goods from abroad following the Sugar Act.
34
First Continental Congress
A colonial congregation that met from September 5-October 26, 1774 in response to the Intolerable Acts.
35
Declaration of Rights
A document written at the First Continental Congress that advocated for war with Britain.
36
Lexington & Concord
April 19, 1775: First battle in the Revolutionary War, ended in a British retreat to Boston.
37
Committees of Correspondence
Committees that spread propaganda and secret information through letters to those who supported the revolution.
38
Second Continental Congress
Met in June and July 1776 and resulted in the writing of the Declaration of Independence.
39
Olive Branch Petition
The final attempt by the colonies to reconcile with Britain, but it was rejected by Parliament.
40
Hessians
German mercenaries hired by Britain during the war.
41
Privateers
Privately owned, armed ships specifically authorized by Congress to prey upon enemy shipping.
42
Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania
A series of letters written by John Dickinson that opposed the British policies, claiming they stripped colonists of their natural rights.
43
Declaration of Independence
A document written by Thomas Jefferson that detailed the reasons the colonies were breaking off from Britain.
44
Common Sense
An essay written by Thomas Paine explaining why the revolution was necessary.
45
Patriots
Supporters of the revolution.
46
Whigs
Supporters of the revolution.
47
Loyalists
Colonists who were loyal to Britain.
48
Torries
Colonists who were loyal to Britain.
49
Moderates
Colonists who didn't care either way.
50
Northwest Ordinance
Stated that slavery was illegal above the Ohio River.
51
Barbary Coast Pirates
First group America had international conflict with. War near the Mediterranean to gain access to Mediterranean ports.
52
Shay's Rebellion
1787: An uprising of Virginia farmers, led by Daniel Shay, rioted in the capital due to raised taxes on farmers. George Washington and a few remaining troops from Continental Army had to come put the rebellion down.
53
Second Constitutional Convention
Held from March to September 1787 in Philadelphia. Was a congregation of representatives who met to scrap the Articles of Confederation in order to create a new government.
54
Virginia Plan
Proposed by James Madison. Had the following stipulations: - 3 branches of government - Bicameral - House and Senate representation both determined by population.
55
New Jersey Plan
Proposed by William Paterson. Had the following stipulations: - Unicameral - Each state only gets one vote
56
Connecticut Compromise
Proposed by Roger Sherman. Had the following stipulations: - Bicameral - House representation determined by population size - In the Senate each state gets 2 votes regardless
57
3/5 Compromise
For every 5 slaves in the South, the South could count 3 people for their population size.
58
Commerce Compromise
Federal government is not allowed to tax exports, but can tax imports.
59
Elastic Clause
States, "Congress has the power to create laws that are necessary and proper." Put in to ensure Congress could make laws that can't be foreseen being needed.
60
Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom
A document written by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison that argued that compulsory religion and discrimination against someone for what they do or don't believe is a violation of their natural rights.
61
Demigods
Name given to high-ranking members of the Constitutional Convention by Thomas Jefferson.
62
Judiciary Act of 1789
Formed the Supreme Court and all other local court systems.
63
Excise Tax
A tax on the manufacturing of an item, namely whiskey.
64
Whiskey Rebellion of 1794
Rebellion started by "Whiskey Boys" that occurred in 1794 as a result of the Excise Tax.
65
XYZ Affair
A commission was sent to France in 1797 to patch up relations, but failed because they wouldn't pay a bribe to meet with the foreign minister. John Adams made the incident public in 1798 and substituted names with "X", "Y", and Z".
66
Convention of 1800
A treaty that ended France's peacetime military alliance with America.
67
Battle of Fallen Timbers
An attack on Native Americans who were invading the Northwest. Led by General "Mad" Anthony Wayne.
68
Pickney's Treaty
A treaty with Spain that gave America free passage of the Mississippi River, and a large portion of North Florida.
69
Federalist
Supported having a strong Federal Government while writing the constitution. Notable Federalists: George Washington, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison.
70
Anti-Federalist
Supported having sting state governments, and a weak central government while writing the Constitution. Notable Anti-Federalists: Sam Adams, Patrick Henry, James Winthrop, and Mercy Otis Warren.
71
Bill of Rights
The first 10 amendments to the Constitution. Used to convince Anti-Federalists to ratify the Constitution.
72
Jeffersonian Democratic-Republicans
Political party created by Thomas Jefferson to counteract Hamilton's Federalists. Believed in weak central government.
73
Hamiltonian Federalists
Political party created by Alexander Hamilton to counteract Jefferson's Republicans. Believed in a strong central government.
74
Revenue Act of 1789
Tariff that put an 8% tax on imports.
75
Whiskey Boys
Leaders of the Whiskey Rebellion in Pennsylvania.
76
Alien Acts
Laws passed under John Adams that changed residency requirements from 5 to 14 years, and stated that the president can deport any foreigner they deem dangerous.
77
Sedition Act
States that anyone who criticizes the government can be fined and/or thrown in prison.

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