Period 2 - Economics Flashcards
Llamas
The principal pack animal in the Andes and the Americas.
Transregional Trade
Trade that occurred between world regions.
Galleys
Oared ships with small square sails used for coastal navigation.
Coastal Navigation
Navigation that occurs along the coast as opposed to opean oceans or seas.
Open-Water Navigation
Navigation that occurs in open seas or water.
Suez Isthmus
75-mile-wide strip of land that lies between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, and is the boundary between the continents of Africa and Asia.
Indian Ocean Maritime Network
Sea lanes that connect Eats Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, and Southeast Asia with China and Japan.
East African trade goods
Ebony, ivory, animal products, and wood carvings.
Arabian trade goods
Copper, myrth, frankincense, and dates.
South and Southeastern Asia trade goods
Porcelain, silk, jewels, cotton textiles, spices, and foodstuffs.
Dhows
A ship which uses triangular lateen sails.
Lateens sails
Triangular sail that allowed travel even when the wind is not directlyat your back.
Monsoon Winds
Strong winds that come durring the Monsoon seasons.
Daisporic Communities
A wide spread community around the world. For example: African diaspora, with populations in the Caribbean, North and South America, and Europe.
Oases
A fertile area in a desert where water can be found.
Nubia
A region of Egypt allong the Nile river.
Carthage
A city in North Africa founded by the Phoneicians as a major trade port in the mediteranian. Had a powerful Navy.
Ghana
an organized state that began to take shape in the sub-Saharan Africa and wished to trade northward
Camels
allowed traders to map out the trans-saharan caravan routes, in both eastern and western halves of Africa. They are vital to trade and large packs of these are called caravans.
Trans-Saharan caravan routes
eastern and western half of Africa and were trade routes
Slavery
poor class of people who would be important for the major part of northbound trade
Silk Road
this trade route enjoyed two periods of of peak prominence, it’s discovery is attributed to a chinese explorer who crossed the barren lands north of tibet. It is known for the transfer of technology and culture across Eurasia
Chang’an
China’s economic center was in this city
Overland Transport
This type of transport took more time and effort than water transport but was also less expensive as well as the only way to reach places far form rivers and seas.
Wheeled vehicles
Carts and wagons were usefull on flat ground and roads but worthless on rough terrain.
Domesticated Pack animals (horse, ox, etc.)
Animals bred and used for transporting items, mainly used for pulling carts or carring goods themselves.
Caravan
A caravan was a large procession of large pack animals like camels or wheeled vehicles that brought goods over long distances.
Stirrup
The stirrup is a buckle for the foot that allows a horse rider to quickly mount the horse. This helped in war, given it was invented by the Han dynasty
Yokes
A Yoke allowed an ox the ability to carry heavier loads without choking.
Collars
The collar was the same as a Yoke, but built for horses
Pack saddles
Pack saddles allowed horses, camels, and other pack animals the ability to carry loads
water transport
Before the dhow was created by the Arabians, a sturdy ship that could cross open waters in the mediteranean, people rowed smaller sailboats along the coasts.
Chinese junk
A ship capabale of open-water navigation and carrying large amounts of cargo
Exchange of foodstuffs
Trade over long distances that would change the dietary habits of people, as well as farming and irrigation techniques
Intensive Agriculture
The use of technology to maximize the potential of every square foot of a given area
Swidden Agriculture
Clearing fields by chopping down trees and bushes, and then burned the area to fertalize the soil
Terracing of Hillsides
Cutting stepps into mountains to use for the production of agriculture
Rice-paddy Cultivation
Flooded parcel of land for agriculture, most common in Southeast Asia
Floating Islands
Elevated land that was surrounded by water for agricultural purposes
Water Management
Included complex irrigation systems, aquaducts, or qanats
Aqueducts
Large structures commonly found in Rome that were used to transport water over a long distance using gravity.
Qanat
This would vertically sink rainwater shafts into the ground.
Water wheels
This was invented in 300 B.C.E most likley in the middle east and was adopted else where due to its use.
Bubonic Plague
Also known as the Black Plague killed about 60% of the Population, travelled along the Silk Roads.
Small Pox
Smallpox struck the Romans as well as Han china in the 100s and 200s C.E. This weakened both empires and contributed to their decline.
<p>Measles</p>
<p>Measles also struck the Romans and Han China in the 100s and 200s C.E.</p>
Cultural Borrowing
Spread of culture naturallly between people, spread through trade.
Missionary Activitry
This was the activity of spreading religion along many trade routes to grow there religion.
Forced Conversion
The forced conversion of a conqured people to have the religion that the empire wants them to have.
