Period 1 (B)

Question 1

Homo sapiens

Answer 1

modern humans, emerged 100,000-200,000 years ago, neanderthal is the earliest variant, Cromagon is more advanced.

Question 2

Inter regional Trade Between Mesopotamia and Egypt

Answer 2

specialized labor, natural resources, wood.

Question 3

Neolithic Era(Culture)

Answer 3

agriculture allowed for a food surplus, which in turn led to an increase in population, Jericho was the first Neolithic Village, early industries developed in pottery, metallurgy, and textiles.

Question 4

Hebrews

Answer 4

the ethnic group claiming descent from Abraham and Isaac (especially from Isaac’s son Jacob)

Question 5

Bronze Age

Answer 5

metallurgy originated with the use of copper in the neolithic era

Question 6

Zhou Dynasty

Answer 6

the longest lasting Chinese dynasty, during which the use of iron was introduced.

Question 7

Patriarchal Society

Answer 7

society in which men rule their families, and people trace their origins through male ancestors

Question 8

Mandate of Heaven

Answer 8

a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source

Question 9

Pastoral Society

Answer 9

typically nomadic, focused on herds, not as high as agriculture but higher than hunters and gathers, various societies developed through Afro-Eurasia depending on local plants and animals, created a problem with overgrazing which caused some erosion.

Question 10

Neolithic Era (Origins)

Answer 10

10,000 and 8,000 BCE, called new stone age, domestication if animals and crops, slash and burn

Question 11

Hittites

Answer 11

A people from central Anatolia who established an empire in Anatolia and Syria in the Late Bronze Age. With wealth from the trade in metals and military power based on chariot forces, they vied with New Kingdom Egypt over Syria.

Question 12

Phoenicians

Answer 12

located on eastern Mediterranean coast; invented the alphabet which used sounds rather than symbols like cuneiform

Question 13

Origins of Writing

Answer 13

Cuneiform, the earliest known writing, originated in Mesopotamia.
• Record keeping for trade purposes became necessary as society became increasingly more complex.
• Sumerians developed a writing system based on pictures (pictographs) in which symbols were made on wet clay and then baked.
• Egyptians developed hieroglyphs—symbols that represent sounds and ideas.
• One example of job specialization was the scribe, who prepared legal and other documents (developed as an occupation).

Question 14

Farming and Irrigation

Answer 14

Using water to help farm more efficiently Started in the middle east to china

Question 15

Caste System

Answer 15

a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person’s occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society

Question 16

Bantu Migrations

Answer 16

movement of Africans across the continent of Africa, each village was ruled by a council.

Question 17

Nile River Civilization

Answer 17

Egypt and Sudan; fertile land and ruled by pharaohs or god-kings under a polytheistic belief

Question 18

Paleolithic Era (Old Stone Age)

Answer 18

predates agricultural societies, extended families grew into clans, turned into tribes with chiefs and leaders, organized warfare with advanced weapons, ability to control fire, worship of deities, expression through art and music.

Question 19

Chavin

Answer 19

the first major South American civilization, which flourished in the highlands of what is now Peru from about 900 to 200 B.C.

Question 20

Hammurabi’s Code

Answer 20

a set of 282 laws that dealt with almost every part of daily life

Question 21

Vedic Age

Answer 21

A period in the history of India; It was a period of transition from nomadic pastoralism to settled village communities, with cattle the major form of wealth.

Question 22

Shang Dynasty

Answer 22

Second Chinese dynasty (about 1750-1122 B.C.) which was mostly a farming society ruled by an aristocracy mostly concerned with war. They’re best remembered for their art of bronze casting.

Question 23

Indo-European languages

Answer 23

a family (or phylum) of several hundred related languages and dialects,[1] including most major languages of Europe, Iran, and northern India, and historically also predominant in Anatolia and Central Asia.

Question 24

Assyrian Empire

Answer 24

this empire covered much of what is now Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine, Egypt, and Anatolia; its height was during the seventh and eighth centuries BCE

Question 25

Aryans

Answer 25

nomads from Europe and Asia who migrated to India and finally settled; vedas from this time suggest beginning of caste system

Question 26

Iron Metallurgy

Answer 26

Extraction of iron from its ores. allowed for cheaper stronger production of weapons and tools. More abundant than tin and copper

Question 27

Silk Production

Answer 27

A Chinese invention that became a luxury product in high demand, which was a valuable good for Chinese trade on the Silk Road

Question 28

Hominids

Answer 28

appeared 3-4 million years ago in southern and eastern Africa, human like creatures called primates, Mary and Louis Leakey found fossils in Great Rift Valley, Lucy an Australopithecine fossil, found in 1974.

Question 29

Yellow River Civilization - Xia Dynasty

Answer 29

Huang He means Yellow River and refers to the light-colored loess soil that it picks up and deposits on the riverbank.
Unpredictable flooding led to its nickname, China’’s Sorrow.
Regular rains and fertile soil eliminated the need for an extensive irrigation system and, instead, water-control systems were developed.
Xia dynasty first attempted to organize public life on a large scale - it established the precedent for hereditary monarchical rule in China.
Legendary founder, Yu, initiated flood-control projects, organized large-scale public works, and set up formal government.

Question 30

Mesopotamia

Answer 30

the land between the rivers, Tigris and Euphrates, on the Eastern part of the Fertile Crescent

Question 31

Indus River Civilization

Answer 31

(c. 3300-1700 BCE, flourished 2600-1900 BCE), was an ancient civilization that flourished in the Indus and Ghaggar-Hakra river valleys primarily in what is now Pakistan and western India, parts of Afghanistan and Turkmenistan; major cities were Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro

Question 32

Olmecs

Answer 32

(1400 B.C.E. to 500 B.C.E.) earliest known Mexican civilization, lived in rainforests along the Gulf of Mexico, developed calendar and constructed public buildings and temples, carried on trade with other groups. Priests/aristocrats were at the top of society, built a ceremonial center, worshipped the jaguar and werejaguar, best remains are the stone carved heads at La Venta, use of calendar, spread through trade, known for art, most important legacy was priestly leadership and devotion