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AP World History > Period 2 - Culture > Flashcards

Period 2 - Culture Flashcards

Key terms from Chapter 4, dealing the culture and technology of the world from 600 bce - 600 ce.

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1
Q

Animism

A

Everything has a soul, including plants and animals.

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2
Q

Shamanism

A

Shamans attempted to heal the sick, prayed to the spirits for success in hunting, and enforced forbidden behaviours, called taboos.

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3
Q

Shinto

A

A settled society in Japan that practiced animism.

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4
Q

Cultural Syncretism

A

The blending of old and new religious beliefs, generally mixing practices from multiple religions.

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5
Q

Ancestor Veneration

A

The honoring of ancestors as a religious practice, most practiced in Africa.

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6
Q

Filial Piety

A

The practice of honoring your parents and being a perfect child.

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7
Q

Monotheism

A

A religion with a single god or goddess, the Hebrews were the first example of this.

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8
Q

Jewish Diaspora

A

The scattering of the Jewish people and the Jewish religion.

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9
Q

The Torah

A

The first five books of the Hebrew bible.

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10
Q

Ten Commandments

A

Enumerated in the Torah and influenced by the Code of Hammurabi.

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11
Q

Vedism

A

Based off of the Vedic texts and was one of the first religions in the South Asia area.

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12
Q

Upanishads

A

A series of essays and poems within the Vedic texts.

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13
Q

Hinduism

A

Mixture of Vedism and other beliefs, it is the largest polytheistic religion in the world.

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14
Q

Brahma

A

The masculine personification of the World Soul.

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15
Q

Vishnu

A

Known as the preserver. A savior figure and a great friend to humanity.

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16
Q

Shiva

A

Known as the destroyer. The dancing god of creation and destruction which reflects that duality of life and death.

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17
Q

Karma

A

The sum of a person’s actions in this and previous states of existence, viewed as deciding their fate in future existences.

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18
Q

Reincarnation

A

The rebirth of a soul in a new body.

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19
Q

Caste System

A

Divides Hindus into four main categories - Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and the Shudras.

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20
Q

Law of Manu

A

A Hindu text that justified the caste system by arguing that acceptance of one’s status was a moral duty.

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21
Q

Sati Ritual

A

Widows of certain castes were required to burn themselves to death on the funeral pyres of their deceased husbands.

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22
Q

Siddhartha Guatama

A

A nobleman from northern India who created Buddism.

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23
Q

Ashoka

A

Mauryan emperor. Most responsible for spreading Buddhism through the empire using Pillars of Ashoka.

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24
Q

Nirvana

A

Liberation from the wheel of life, without aid of priests or rituals.

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25
Q

Four Noble Truths/Eightfold Path

A

The path to nirvana, comprising eight aspects.

26
Q

Therevada Buddhism

A

Referred to as Hinayana and is known as the older of the two Buddhist schools. Prominent in South and Southeast Asia.

27
Q

Mahayana Buddhism

A

The newer of the two Buddhist schools whihc is prominent in Northern Asia.

28
Q

Similarities between Hinduism and Buddhism

A

Both religions postulate that the soul evolves towards spiritual perfection by means of birth, death, and reincarnation, according to the law of karma.

29
Q

Differences between Hinduism and Buddhism

A

Gautama rejected the caste system and argued that anyone could achieve nirvana, or liberation from the wheel of life, without the aid of priests or rituals. All that was needed were the Four Noble Truths and to follow the Eightfold Path.

30
Q

Confucius

A

Confucious was a civil servant and thinker of politics and the war. From him, came confucionism

31
Q

Beliefs of Confucianism

A

Confucionism is based on keeping harmony betwwen the young and old, valuing social harmony and just rulership to govern strictly obedient followers.

32
Q

Analects

A

Confucious’s thoughts and conclusions of society during war and what is acceptable for the commonwealth of all were the Analects

33
Q

Celestial Bureaucracy

A

Celestial bureacracy is an ancestral government expanding and built to to fight in god battles. In theology, there were titans and gods. This also has something to do with constellations.

34
Q

Mandate of Heaven

A

This is a declaration of divinity that justifies your position as emporer or king.

35
Q

Legalism

A

Legalism was developed by the Qin dynasty where social structures, roles, and rules where built very rigidly in the process of expansion or advancement. People were innately immoral.

36
Q

Daoism

A

Daoism is the documentation and telling of the path of the universe. It is a system of flow that describes nature and what to do in following it.

37
Q

Laozi (Lao-tse)

A

Laozi was the founder of daoism and was said to write the Tao-te Ching

38
Q

Tao-te-Ching

A

This is the principle text of Daoism

39
Q

Central beliefs of Daoism

A

The universe is a continuing story pushed by the force the “Dao”. If humans innately think rationally, or operate with logic, Daoism allows one to walk the opposite side

40
Q

Feng shui

A

Feng shui is architecture built in the natural patterns of the universe, built for good luck.

41
Q

Yin-yang

A

Nothing is absolute. Gray.

42
Q

Christianity

A

This is a monotheistic faith based on the “messiah”

43
Q

Jesus

A

The messiah or “son of God”

44
Q

Paul the Apostle

A

Paul persecuted christians to start, then founded churches

45
Q

Constantine

A

He legalized christianity in eastern Rome

46
Q

Bibile

A

Book for Christianity and depicts that Jesus would return from the dead before returning to god in heaven.

47
Q

Roman Catholocism

A

remainded dominant and provided much of Europe with a badly needed force for cultural unity

48
Q

Eastern Orthodoxy

A

Eastern Rome in cities like Constantinople and was the religion of eastern Rome

49
Q

Concepts of pi and zero

A

Greeks created this concept of math.

50
Q

Arabic numerals

A

Scholars from Gupta India are credited with this system

51
Q

Greek Philosophy

A

A way of rationalizing and thinking about deep concepts created Greek scholars and is a commonly used system of thinking in west culture today

52
Q

Mahabarata

A

A grand epic between 200 BCE and 20 CE of 90,000 stanzas and is the longest poem in the world

53
Q

Bhagavad-Gita

A

A poetic section in the Mahabharata, poetic dialouge between warrior prince arjuna and the demigod Krishma, who lectures Arjuna on the concept of moral duty

54
Q

Art of War

A

A Confucian and Daoist classic in 500 BCE written by Sun Tzu

55
Q

Greek Dramas

A

Oresteia trilogy, Oedipus, Euripides famous Greek works

56
Q

Aeneid

A

Epic poem Virgil, a myth for ancient rome, depicted as having been founded by refugees from the Trojan War

57
Q

Wood Block Printing

A

A form of writing in 200s CE which eventually gave concept to a moveable writing system

58
Q

Great Library of Alexandria

A

Alexander the Great had a place built for knowledge and was one of the largest knowledge centers in the world. It was built in Egypt

59
Q

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

A

One of several large building projects created and it was created in Babylon

60
Q

Roman Architecture

A

Roman made use of columns and facades and romans added archways and domes

61
Q

Pillars of Ashoka

A

Ashoka’s buddhist teachings and own commentary about socety and morality

62
Q

East Asian architecture style

A

East Asia pyarmids built in unique pagoda style and planning ctites such as Chang’an according to meticlous grid layouts

AP World History (5 decks)

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