Period 1 and 2 Flashcards
Three sisters farming
When corn, beans, and squash are grown together in the same plant. This allows the plant to be stronger and survive.
What were Native American tribes like pre-Columbus?
Nomadic, small, and scattered
What happened when Columbus arrived?
The Columbian Exchange started
Spain sent conquistadors
Spain set up the Encomienda system
Why did Europeans and Columbus start exploration?
In search of silks and spices
Columbus’s goal was to end up in India
Columbian Exchange
The widespread transfer of things like animals, diseases, human population, precious metals, and newer technologies between Spain and America
Encomienda System
Native Americans were given to colonists by the Spanish government for labor and in exchange the colonists would convert them to Catholicism
It equated to slavery
Pope’s Rebellion
1680
The Catholic mission was a fundamental component of Spanish colonization
Rebels destroyed the churches and killed priests
Juan de Sepulveda
Someone who was for the conversion of Native Americans
Wrote “Just Causes for War Against the Indians”
Bartolome de Las Casas
Someone who was against the way the Spanish were converting the Native Americans
Wrote “A Short Account for the Destruction of Indies”
How did the Spanish block the French from taking over?
They fortified communities by converting Native Americans to Catholicism
They also built a fortress in St. Augustine, Florida
Why was the Spanish Caste System developed?
It was developed to justify the intermarrying and mixed race families to people in a way where the Spanish were still on top
How did disease affect Native Americans?
Their immune systems were not ready, causing 90% of them to die
Diseases the Columbian Exchange carried
Small pox, malaria, and yellow fever
A big invention from the 1400s-1500s
Caravels (ships) which were created by the Portuguese
What did the New World do for Europe?
Helped Spain and Italy lay the foundation for the modern commercial banking system
Spread commerce and manufacturing
Helped Europe pay for international trade with Asia
What did horses do?
The Spanish brought them over
They gave Native Americans more mobility creating tribe vs. tribe conflict
In the Triangular Trade, what did the New World provide?
Raw materials and soil for sugar cane
In the Triangular Trade, what did Africa provide?
Labor
In the Triangular Trade, what did Europe provide?
Capital, markets, and technology
Why did Christians want to go to Asia?
To take the Holy Land back from Muslims
What goods did Asia have?
Silk, spices, pain-alleviating drugs, sugar, and perfumes
What were the 3Gs?
Gold, glory, and God
They were why the Europeans wanted to conquer the New World
Why was treatment of enslaved people worse the further south someone went?
Further down geographically makes it more labor intensive and harder
Crops being grown in southern areas (sugar cane) were harder and more intensive than crops being grown in northern areas (tobacco)
How did the slave trade get brought to the Carolinas?
Carolina settlers came from Barbados and brought enslaved people with them
This set up a vigorous slave trade in the Carolinas
