period 1 (1491-1607)

Question 1

name a tribe of the great plains region

Answer 1

sioux, cheyenne, omaha

Question 2

what did the great plains indians do for survival? what was their primary way of life?

Answer 2

hunted buffalo, mostly mobile/didn’t stay in one place

Question 3

what were the pueblo/anasazi known for?

Answer 3

complex architecture and society (later involved in pueblo revolt/pope’s rebellion with spanish)

Question 4

what were people in the southwest?

Answer 4

farmers (maize and other grains primarily)

Question 5

what were people of the great basin? what was their lifestyle?

Answer 5

gatherers, mobile because they moved based on the seasons (looking for food- areas with food change as the seasons change)

Question 6

name a tribe of the great basin

Answer 6

shoshone, ute

Question 7

where did the pueblo people live?

Answer 7

southwest (later new mexico territory)

Question 8

where did the algonquian people live? what was their lifestyle?

Answer 8

great lakes region, sedentary

Question 9

what did the algonquian people do for survival?

Answer 9

hunted and fished

Question 10

what did the iroquois do for survival? what was their lifestyle?

Answer 10

farming the three sisters crops, sedentary

Question 11

where did the chinook live?

Answer 11

in the later-oregon territory

Question 12

how was primogeniture/the enclosure movement a cause of westward exploration in europe?

Answer 12

it caused a mobile workforce (as anyone that wasn’t rich or a first son had nowhere to go) willing to go overseas for money

Question 13

what was a joint-stock company, and how did it affect european exploration in the 16th century?

Answer 13

a joint-stock company is a company where shareholders buy shares of a company, and then have power over the company proportional to the amount of shares they own. it affected european exploration because people wanting to take risks felt like they held less responsibility, financial or otherwise, if the trip went badly, and thus made them more willing to buy shares in companies supporting exploration. it also looked like an easy way to make money.

Question 14

how did technology play a role in westward exploration of the 16th century?

Answer 14

things like the caravel, updated maps, compass, and astrolabe made it easier for sailors to navigate and successfully find the new world. it also sparked enthusiasm about exploration

Question 15

How did Henry VIII play a role in English exploration of the New World in the 16th century and 17th century?

Answer 15

by splitting with the roman catholic church and creating the english church, he successfully isolated two types of people. 1- protestants/puritans now scared to practice their faith because it is now an act of treason against the country as well as the church and 2- puritans who are angry that the church still kept corrupt practices. they wanted to purify the church. extreme puritans were known as separatists- they wanted to fully dissociate from the church of england.

Question 16

how did spain’s reason to explore differ from england’s?

Answer 16

spanish conquistadores wanted to spread catholicism. english explorers wanted to run away from catholicism and the english church and start a puritan society. both were motivated by money, but the difference is that the spanish did find gold, and the english didn’t.

Question 17

what was the encomienda system?

Answer 17

the spanish system of giving native americans a place to live and a catholic education in exchange for working on sugar plantations. essentially- native servitude

Question 18

what was spain’s opinion on the treatment of natives?

Answer 18

mixed. some thought the treatment was horrible (like las casas, who was vocal about his negative opinions about the clear discrimination) and some thought it was logical because the natives “needed help” and “the spanish were the superior race” (like sepulveda). however, the spanish were mistakenly portrayed as a lot worse than they actually were- this stereotype is commonly known as the “black legend”

Question 19

what were some native societies that the spanish destroyed in their conquering? who are the explorers credited?

Answer 19

hispaniola- used as a sugar plantation by the spanish (columbus). the aztec empire (cortes, and a good example of biological warfare). the inca empire (pizarro)

Question 20

what was the columbian exchange? why was it important for both europeans and natives?

Answer 20

the trade of flora, fauna, and various foods and goods across the atlantic between america and europe. it brought a lot of prosperity to europe in terms of new foods and goods, but it also destroyed a lot of native populations because of the sicknesses from europe brought over (ex: smallpox)

Question 21

what was the spanish caste system? was it similar to the french and english systems?

Answer 21

it was a class system based on spanish blood after intermarriage became common. (mulatto- spanish and black, mestizo- spanish and native). it was not similar to the english or french systems because intermarriage there was not as common (the french cooperated with natives for trade, and the english wanted them gone)