Perio

Question 1

Steps in pellicle formation (3)

Answer 1

Pellice forms (happens quickly)
adhesion and attachment of bacteria
colonization and plaque maturation

Question 2

How does the type of bacteria in plaque change as it matures?

Answer 2

facultative gram + to anaerobic gram -

Question 3

Red complex bacteria

Answer 3

P. gingivalis
T. Forsythus
T. denticola

Question 4

What bacteria is implicated in Aggressive Periodontitis?

Answer 4

AA

Question 5

What bacteria is implicated in root caries?

Answer 5

Actinomyces viscosus

Question 6

What bacteria is implicated in coronal caries?

Answer 6

Strep Mutans

Question 7

The primary colonizers of dental plaque are what kind of bacteria?

Answer 7

Gram + facultative

Question 8

The predominant inflammatory cells in the periodontal pocket are?

Answer 8

Neutrophils

Question 9

What destroys collagen?

Answer 9

MMPs

Question 10

Defective neutrophils lead to?

Answer 10

Aggressive periodontitis

Question 11

Pathogenesis of Periodontal lesion:
Stage 1: ____ lesion, ____ infiltrate, ___ days
Stage 2: ____ lesion, ____ infiltrate, ___ days
Stage 3: _____ lesion, ____ infiltrate, ___ days
Stage 4: _____ lesion

Answer 11

Stage 1: initial lesion, neutrophils, 2-4 days
Stage 2: early lesion, T-cells, 4-7 days
Stage 3: established lesion, B-cells, 14-21 days
Stage 4: advanced lesion, transition to irreversible damage

Question 12

Define scaling:

Answer 12

remove supra gingival & sub gingival plaque & calculus

Question 13

Define root planing:

Answer 13

removal of calculus and cementum

Question 14

Scalers are used?

Answer 14

supragingival

Question 15

Curettes are used?

Answer 15

subgingival

Question 16

1/2 and 3/4 curettes are used where?

Answer 16

anterior

Question 17

5/6 curette is used where?

Answer 17

Anterior and premolar

Question 18

7/8 and 9/10 curettes are used where?

Answer 18

posterior F/L

Question 19

11/12 curette is used where?

Answer 19

posterior, medial

Question 20

13/14 curette is used where?

Answer 20

posterior, distal

Question 21

What are the 2 types of curettes?

Answer 21

Universal and Gracey

Question 22

When inserting a curette into a period pocket, what angulation should be used?

Answer 22

0 degrees

Question 23

When performing scaling and root planing, what angulation should be used?

Answer 23

45-90 degree angulation

Question 24

Steps of a Modified Widman flap:

Answer 24

1. internal/revers bevel
2. sulcular incision
3. interdental (removes the piece of gingiva)

Question 25

A long junctional epithelial attachment is considered?

Answer 25

repair

Question 26

A perio pack is made from what material?

Answer 26

ZOE

Question 27

When is a free gingival graft used?

Answer 27

When we want to increase height of keratinized gingiva

Question 28

When is a connective tissue graft used?

Answer 28

when we want to achieve root coverage

Question 29

Ostectomy is the removal of ____ bone.

Answer 29

supporting

Question 30

Osteotomy is the removal of ____ bone.

Answer 30

non-supporting

Question 31

What is the only way to regenerate attachment?

Answer 31

bone graft

Question 32

New attachment refers to:

Answer 32

embedding of new PDL fibers into new cementum

Question 33

Reattachment occurs when?

Answer 33

reunion of epithelium and CT after injury or incision

Question 34

The new classification of periodontitis uses?

Answer 34

Stages and grades

Question 35

Amount of CAL in stage 1, 2, 3, 4 periodontitis?

Answer 35

1: 1-2 mm 2: 3-4 mm 3: >5 mm 4: >5 mm

Question 36

Amount of RBL is stage 1, 2, 3, 4 periodontitis?

Answer 36

1: 15% (coronal 1/3) 2: 15-33% (middle 1/3) 3: middle 1/3 + 4: middle 1/3 +

Question 37

What what stages of periodontitis has tooth loss occurred and how many teeth have been lost?

Answer 37

Stage 3: 4 or less teeth | Stage 4: 5 or more teeth

Question 38

Each stage of periodontitis also gets a "location":

Answer 38

Localized (<30% of sites) Generalized Molar incisor

Question 39

Amount of RBL/CAL in grades A, B, C of periodontitis?

Answer 39

A: none B: <2mm in 5 years C: >2 mm in 5 years

Question 40

% bone loss/age in grades A, B, C of periodontitis?

Answer 40

A: <0.25 B: 0.25-1 C: >1

Question 41

Phenotype of grades A, B, C of periodontitis?

Answer 41

A: Plaque exceeds amount of destruction B: Plaque and destruction coincide C: Plaque levels do not match amount of destruction

Question 42

How does smoking impact Grade?

Answer 42

A: non-smoker B: <10 cigs/day C: >10 cigs/day

Question 43

How does diabetes impact Grade?

Answer 43

A: non-diabetic B: HbA1c <7% C: HbAic >7%