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M - Yr 3 Anatomy (Megan) > Perineum and external genitalia > Flashcards

Perineum and external genitalia Flashcards

1
Q

what are the ANATOMICAL borders of the perineum?

A

anterior - pubic symphysis
posterior - tip of coccyx
lateral - inferior ischiopubic rami and sacrotuberous ligaments

Roof - pelvic floor (levator ani)
Base - skin and fascia

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2
Q

What are the surface borders in the female perineum?

A

anterior - Mons pubis
lateral - medial surfaces of the thighs
posteriorly - superior end of intergluteal cleft.

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3
Q

what is the contents of the anal triangle?

A

anal aperture
external anal sphincter muscle
sischioanal fossae
PUDENDAL NERVE

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4
Q

What are the function of the sischioanal fossae?

A

they are filled with fat and connective tissue, able to move to the side to allow opening of anal canal for defeacation.

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5
Q

What are the layers of the urogenital triangle?

A 
Deep perineal pouch 
Perineal membrane
superficial perineal pouch 
perineal fascia 
skin
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6
Q

what are the superior and inferior borders of the deep perineal pouch?

A

superior - pelvic floor (levator ani)

Inferior - perineal membrane

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7
Q

what are the superior and inferior boundaries of the superficial perineal pouch?

A

superficial - perineal membrane

inferior - perineal fascia (superficial to this is the skin)

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8
Q

what does the deep perineal pouch contain in females?

A

part of urethra, external urethral sphincter and vagina.

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9
Q

what does the deep perineal pouch contain in males?

A

part of urethra, external urethral sphincter.

Bulbourethral glands.

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10
Q

what is the role of the perineal membrane?

A

to provide attachment sites to the external genitalia muscles

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11
Q

what is in the superficial perineal pouch?

A

ischiocavernosis, bulbospongiosis, superficial transverse perineal muscles

Greater vestibular glands in females.

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12
Q

what does the perineal fascia do?

A

deep - covers the perineal muscles and protruding structures

superficial - superficial layer is continuous with campers fascia, deep layer - continuous with scraps fascia.

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13
Q

what are the anatomical parts of the vulva?

A 
mons pubis 
labia majora
labia minora
vestibule
bartholins gland
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14
Q

what are the muscles in the female urogenital triangle?

A

ischiocavernosus
bulbospongiosus (surrounds vaginal opening)
bulb of vestibule (under bulbospongiosus)
bartholins gland

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15
Q

what is the equivalent of the bartholins gland in the male?

A

Bulbourethral gland.

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16
Q

what are the muscles in the male urogenital triangle?

A

ischiocavernosus
bulbospongiosus
(Bulbourethral gland is DEEP, so not part).

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17
Q

What are the two main muscles which make up the shaft of the penis?

A 
Corpus spongiosus (1x - contains urethra)
Corpus cavernosus (2x, on top, erectile tissue).
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18
Q

what are the 3 main sections of the penis?

A

Root
body
glans.

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19
Q

which muscle forms the glans penis?

A

The corpus spongiosum.

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20
Q

what is the opening of the urethra called?

A

The external urethral orifice.

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21
Q

what are the corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernous also known as?

A

Corpus spongiosum - bulb of the penis.

Corpus cavernous - left and right crura.

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22
Q

what is the function of the bulbospongiosus?

A

contracts to empty and urine or semen.

ANTERIOR fibres increase the pressure to aid in erection.

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23
Q

What is the function of. the bulbospongiosis?

A

surround the left and right crura of the penis

contracts - this forces blood from the cavernous spaces in the crura into the corpus cavernous to maintain erection.

24
Q

what is the superficial fascia of the penis called?

A

Colles fascia.

25
Q

What is the deep fascia of the penis called?

A

Deep fascia/Bucks fascia.

26
Q

what is the role of the tunica albuginea in the penis?

A

forms an individual capsule around each cavernous body then fuses in the midline.

27
Q

what are the two ligaments of the penis?

A 
Fundiform ligament (sits anteriorly and goes down the shaft) 
Suspensory ligament (sits posteriorly closer to the root)
28
Q

what is the role of the suspensory ligament?

A

attaches the penis to the pubic bone, supports the penis when erect.

29
Q

what is the role of the fundiform ligament?

A

thickening of superficial/scarpas fascia

it extends down from the linea alba and surrounds the whole shaft of the penis.

30
Q

what is the blood supply to the penis?

A

Branches of the internal pudendal artery.

31
Q

what is the venous drainage of the penis?

A

cavernous spaces are drained by the deep dorsal vein of the penis - this empties into the prostatic venous plexus.

superficial dorsal veins - drain superficial structures like skin

32
Q

what is the nerve supply to the penis?

A

sensory, motor and sympathetic to skin and glans = branch of pudendal nerve

parasympathetic = cavernous nerves from peri-prostatic nerve plexus (cause erection).

33
Q

what does the pudendal nerve do to the penis?

A

sensory, sympathetic and motor innervation.

34
Q

what do the cavernous nerve do to the penis?

A

branch of peri-prostatic nerve plexus - parasympathetic, allows erection

35
Q

What is the ligament below the pubic bones that link them together called?

A

Arcuate ligament

36
Q

what is the ligament above the pubic bones called?

A

Superior pubic ligament

37
Q

what is the compressor urethrae?

A

It is only seen in females.

When it contracts it pushes the urethra against the vagina.

38
Q

Which muscle stabilises the perineal body?

A

Superficial transverse perineal muscle.

39
Q

what is the purpose of the ischiocavernosus in both males and females?

A

contracts - impedes venous return from corpora cavernous - maintains erection.

40
Q

what external organs/muscles are only found in the female?

A
  • compressor urethrae
  • vestibule of vagina
  • clitoris (prepuce/ hood)
  • bulb of vestibule
  • labia minora
  • labia majora
41
Q

what are thhe external organs/muscles only found in males?

A 
Corpus cavernosum
Corpus spongiosum 
bulb of penis
glans penis
crus of penis
42
Q

what are the parts of the urethra in males?

A

pre-prostatic
prostatic
intermediate/membranous
spongy/penile

43
Q

which structures pierce through the pelvic diaphragm?

A

anus

urethra

44
Q

what comes right before the external urethral orrifice?

A

Navicular fossa.

45
Q

what is the widest part of the urethra?

A

Prostatic urethra - receives sperm

46
Q

what is the narrowest part of the urethra?

A

membranous/intermediate urethra

47
Q

what covers the glans penis?

A

Prepuce (foreskin).

48
Q

what is the fascia called that covers the corpus cavernosa?

A

tunica albuginea.

49
Q

where is the internal urethral sphincter found in females? what’s its nerve innervation?

A

neck of bladder

autonomic

50
Q

where is the external urethral sphincter in females? what’s the nerve innervation?

A

deep perineal pouch

Somatic - pudendal nerve.

51
Q

where is the external urethra found in males? what’s its innervation?

A

Just posterior to the prostate

Somatic - pudendal nerve

52
Q

what is the equivalent to corpus cavernous in females?

A

the clitoris - comes together as 2 crura which create the body.

53
Q

what are the fossa called lateral to the anus?

A

ischioanal fossa.

54
Q

what does the pudendal nerve do?

A

provide sensation to the external genitalia, and skin around the anus.

55
Q

where does the pudendal nerve, internal pudendal artery and vein go after entering the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

sischioanal fossa.

56
Q

what is the main tissue in the clitoris?

A

corpus cavernous

M - Yr 3 Anatomy (Megan) (7 decks)

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